TEDE Communidade:

Explorando a modulação da hepcidina em crianças pré-escolares: uma análise de caminho

2026-09-30T12:45:37Z

Título: Explorando a modulação da hepcidina em crianças pré-escolares: uma análise de caminho Autor: Pereira Netto, Aline Luciana Primeiro orientador: Reis, Marta Citelli dos Abstract: Hepcidin is the main systemic regulator of iron homeostasis, its production is regulated by body iron content, as well as by hypoxia, inflammation, leptin, and other factors. A functional iron deficiency may develop - where there is not necessarily a lack of this mineral in the body, but there is a reduction in its bioavailability due to the action of hepcidin - culminating in the reduction of hemoglobin synthesis and the development of anemia. Other common childhood inflammatory conditions, such as obesity and vitamin A deficiency, appear to reduce iron bioavailability. In obesity, leptin and adipose tissue seems to also contribute to increased serum concentrations of hepcidin, which synthesizes and secretes hepcidin. This is a cross-sectional study of secondary data from 261 children aged 6 to 59 months, assisted at the Basic Health Units (UBS) of the Unified Health System (SUS) in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Sociodemographic and health variables were considered: sex, age group, family income, mother's education, presence of anemia (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL), iron deficiency anemia (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL and ferritin < 12 μg/L when CRP <5mg/L), leptin, Weight/Age, Height/Age, serum concentration of vitamin A (retinol) and BMI/Age (z score). Hepcidin concentration (ng/mL) was considered as the outcome. Pathway analysis was performed to describe the causal relationship between adiposity variables (Z-BMI score/age and leptin), iron metabolism (hemoglobin and ferritin), vitamin A (retinol), inflammation (CRP) and socioeconomic variables (family income, mother's education) with the outcome (hepcidin). Confirmatory statistical analysis of the models generated in Dagitty® were performed using the Structured Equation Model. The prevalence of anemia was 14.7%, while the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 6.1%. Inflammation exerted direct and indirect effects - via ferritin - on hepcidin. These results indicate that inflammation, even subclinical, influences hepcidin, making clear the importance of inflammation in iron homeostasis, even in children under five years of age. At the same time, obesity directly affected hepcidin concentrations, independently of inflammation. No significant associations of retinol, hemoglobin or leptin with hepcidin were found. There was also no association between socioeconomic indicators and hepcidin, and it is necessary to consider that the population studied was in the same socioeconomic stratum. Taken together, the data from this study reinforce the need for attention to childhood adiposity and chronic inflammatory conditions that can compromise iron bioavailability. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Uma análise de políticas brasileiras de cuidado à pessoa com obesidade e doenças crônicas

2026-09-29T15:45:41Z

Título: Uma análise de políticas brasileiras de cuidado à pessoa com obesidade e doenças crônicas Autor: Coelho, Anne Marcelle Marques Primeiro orientador: Brito, Flávia dos Santos Barbosa Abstract: Excess weight and obesity are important risk factors for increasing morbidity and mortality from chronic noncommunicable diseases, thus representing a major challenge for public health. Primary Health Care is the first level of care in the Unified Health System and in the Health Care Network it plays the role of the main gateway, communication center, as a care coordinator and organizer of actions and services. This study proposed to map and identify policies aimed at controlling obesity in the context of the Plano-DCNT, 2011-2022, reflecting on the advances, challenges and possibilities of these initiatives. In addition, it launched an analysis of the advances and challenges in the care of adults with obesity based on the information in cycles 2 and 3 of the PMAQ-AB related to the components of Primary Care contained in Ordinance n.424 of March 19, 2013. main results showed that, in addition to qualifying the structure of care, it is necessary to promote spaces for reflection between management and health professionals, as well as to monitor and evaluate the use of public resources, advance in sustainable proposals and fulfill the distribution of values in a way equitable, despite the dilemmas of financing public policies. It is also possible to identify important advances in the acquisition of equipment and provision of services while reducing the presence of a professional nutritionist in the UBS, an increase in referrals of people with obesity to specialized care, the timid offer of health education activities. Despite the effort to undertake actions to control obesity, there are still important gaps in understanding the scope of these policies, which also involve undertaking evaluation processes in relation to their multisectoral developments and at different points in the health network. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Tese

Estudo dos subprodutos da oliveira (Olea europaea L.): determinação de compostos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante na digestão gastrointestinal simulada e da atividade antimicrobiana

2026-09-18T12:33:03Z

Título: Estudo dos subprodutos da oliveira (Olea europaea L.): determinação de compostos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante na digestão gastrointestinal simulada e da atividade antimicrobiana Autor: Sobral, Pamela de Aguiar Primeiro orientador: Miyahira, Roberta Fontanive Abstract: Olive oil production by-products have been studied as sources of phenolic compounds (PC), known for their biological properties, acting as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. However, little is known about the influence of the digestive process on the bioaccessibility of these compounds. The objective of the present study was to determine the PC profile and antioxidant activity (AA) of olive pomace (OP) and olive leaves (OL) subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGD), as well as their antimicrobial activity. For this, samples of the Arbequina variety were obtained from a Brazilian production of extra virgin olive oil from Serra da Mantiqueira in the 2023 harvest. For characterization, antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the disk diffusion method and the fatty acid (FA) profile of OP was assessed. OP and two aqueous extracts of OL (by infusion - OLI and by ultrasound - OLI) were subjected to SGD according to the INFOGEST 2.0 protocol. The total phenolic content (TPC) by Folin-Ciocalteu and its identification by HPLC, as well as the AA (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) of the samples, were determined before and after SGD. None of the samples showed antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms. OP showed a FA profile with a predominance of unsaturated FAs (71.52 ± 0.26%), with oleic acid being the main one (70.44 ± 0.26%). Among the leaf extracts, OLU showed higher TPC (6.15 ± 0.19; OLI – 5.88 ± 0.10) and OLI showed higher AA in all assays. OP had most of its PC represented by insoluble phenolics (55.39 out of a total of 79.77 ± 3.12 GAE mg/g), which were also the main contributors to its total AA. SGD significantly reduced both TPC content (50.51% reduction in OLI; 52.52% in OLU; and 70.6% in OP) and AA. Despite this, most of the compounds found in the samples after digestion were bioaccessible, including p-coumaric acid in OLU and hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and oleuropein in OP. These findings provide valuable insights for future research on the functional potential and exploitation of OL and OP of the most produced variety in Brazil as functional or nutraceutical ingredients. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Efeito da coexposição ao óleo de palma interesterificado e ao poluente PCB-126 na doença hepática gordurosa metabólica em camundongos C57BL/6

2026-08-11T12:53:24Z

Título: Efeito da coexposição ao óleo de palma interesterificado e ao poluente PCB-126 na doença hepática gordurosa metabólica em camundongos C57BL/6 Autor: Teixeira, Ananda Vitoria Silva Primeiro orientador: Daleprane, Julio Beltrame Abstract: The Westernized dietary pattern can directly induce the development of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD). The industry has been using interesterified palm oil in ultra-processed products, which are widely consumed by the population. Associated with dietary factors, another environmental risk factor for the development of MAFLD is pollution. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are chlorinated hydrocarbons, the exposure of which has several health consequences. In this context, the present work aims to evaluate the impact of co-exposure to interesterified palm oil and PCB-126 pollutant on the hepatic morphophysiology of C57BL/6 mice. At the end of the experiment, co-exposure to in interesterified palm oil and PBC-126 caused important morphofunctional changes in the liver with the presence of macro and micro steatosis, inflammatory cells, fibrosis, presence of collagenase, expressive increase in ALT and AST enzymes, changes in the hepatic fatty acid profile, with an increase in monounsaturated fatty acids and imbalance in hepatic gene expression., with impairments in the signaling of the fatty acids β-oxidation process, increased expression of genes related to de novo lipogenesis, dysfunction of genes related to mitochondrial fusion and fission, with consequent increase in gene expression related to the endoplasmic reticulum stress process. At the systemic level, the co-exposure was able to generate an imbalance in carbohydrate metabolism, with a serious increase in insulin and a worse profile in the oral glucose tolerance test, as well as induce an increase in serum inflammation in these animals. Therefore, co-exposure to interesterified palm oil and the pollutant PCB-126, even in a normocaloric and normolipidic diet, was able to cause enough damage to lead to MAFLD development. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Dissertação