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Efeito metabólico do consumo de óleo de palma interesterificado em camundongos C57BL/6 alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica

2026-04-22T20:02:50Z

Título: Efeito metabólico do consumo de óleo de palma interesterificado em camundongos C57BL/6 alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica Autor: Martins, Bruna Cadete Primeiro orientador: Daleprane, Julio Beltrame Abstract: Recent Brazilian legislation has restricted the use of trans fats in foods due to the consistent association between their consumption and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. As a result, the food industry has sought technological alternatives, leading to a significant increase in the use of interesterified palm oil (IPO) as a substitute for trans fats. In parallel, the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) has increased substantially, intensifying population exposure to industrially modified ingredients. However, the health impacts of IPO consumption remain poorly understood. The rising prevalence of obesity has been consistently associated with changes in dietary patterns, characterized by a high intake of UPFs. This dietary pattern is marked by high energy density and elevated levels of fats and simple carbohydrates, resulting in hyperlipidic and hypercaloric diets. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of interesterified palm oil consumption on the metabolism of C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet. Sixty C57BL/6 mice were used and allocated into four groups (n = 15): Control (C), fed a standard AIN-93M diet; High-fat (HF), fed a high- fat diet rich in lard, with 50% of total energy derived from lipids; High-fat palm (HFP), fed a high-fat diet rich in palm oil; and High-fat interesterified palm oil (HFI), fed a high-fat diet rich in interesterified palm oil, both providing 50% of total energy from lipids. The experimental protocol lasted eight weeks. At the end of the experimental period, the HFI group exhibited greater body mass compared to the HF group (+11%, p < 0.05). This unfavorable metabolic profile was corroborated by the intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT), in which the HFI group showed higher values than the HF group (+38%, p < 0.05), as well as by increased serum leptin concentrations (+22%, p < 0.05 vs. HF). In the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the area under the curve (AUC) was significantly higher in the HFP and HFI groups compared to the HF group (+23%, p < 0.05). In addition, serum insulin concentrations were higher in the HFI group compared to the HFP (+13%, p < 0.05) and HF (+25%, p < 0.05) groups. Histological analysis of interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) revealed alterations in cytoarchitecture, with evidence of whitening in all high-fat diet groups, along with reduced immunodensity of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1). Gene expression analysis in iBAT showed reduced expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), PR domain-containing protein 16 (PRDM16), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC- 1α), and UCP-1 in all high-fat diet groups, while the HFP group exhibited increased expression of inflammatory genes, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL- 6). Both the HFP and HFI groups presented hypertrophied adipocytes in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), with increased mean adipocyte cross-sectional area, and all high-fat diet groups showed similarly elevated expression of inflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-6, and interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β]). Additionally, the HFP and HFI groups exhibited hepatic and pancreatic steatosis associated with impaired insulin signaling. In conclusion, although similar metabolic alterations were observed with palm oil and interesterified palm oil consumption, the intake of interesterified palm oil induced more deleterious metabolic effects. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Tese

Influência corporativa na produção científica sobre substitutos do leite materno para crianças de 0 a 18 meses: uma revisão sistemática

2026-04-01T12:31:17Z

Título: Influência corporativa na produção científica sobre substitutos do leite materno para crianças de 0 a 18 meses: uma revisão sistemática Autor: Santos, Gabriela Barbosa Pires dos Primeiro orientador: Silva, Ana Carolina Feldenheimer da Abstract: The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for six months and continued breastfeeding for two years or beyond. However, factors such as perceived insufficient milk production, social pressures, and return to work often lead to discontinuation of breastfeeding and the introduction of infant formula. Marketing strategies of breast-milk substitute (BMS) companies build the claim that their products are essential for consumption, in addition to funding research to influence policies and professional practices. Recognizing and mapping industry influence is crucial to understanding the factors that influence conclusions about the supposed benefits of infant formula and the production of evidence that guides its promotion and use. Objective: To investigate corporate influence on scientific production on BMS for children aged 0 to 18 months. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to answer the following question: "What is the influence of the corporate sector on scientific production on BMS for children aged 0 to 18 months?" Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Global Medicus Index, and Google Scholar, following PRISMA guidelines. Duplicate studies were excluded using Rayyan software, and screening was performed by two independent reviewers, with data extraction using a specific form. The results were categorized and summarized in summary tables. Results: The review included 111 studies that evaluated the impact of infant formulas on infant health. They were conducted in 28 countries, 25 of which were multicenter, with a greater concentration in Europe and North America. Most interventions occurred at very early ages: 16.22% shortly after birth, 28.83% in the first two weeks, 15.32% between 15 and 30 days, and 28.83% in infants up to three months of age. Growth was the most frequently investigated outcome, accounting for 40% of the studies. Several components added to formulas to replicate the effects of breast milk were identified, the most common being proteins (31.1%), fatty acids (22.7%), and prebiotics and probiotics (19.3%). Among the studies analyzed, 89.2% presented a conflict of interest linked to industry. The most frequent form of conflict of interest combined industry funding, the participation of authors linked to companies, and formula donation, occurring in 68.69% of the studies. In total, 143 funding sources were recorded, 71.3% from private companies and 21.7% from government agencies. Conclusion: The vast majority of the literature analyzed is characterized by conflicts of interest, which may impact the formulation of SLM guidelines. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Violência contra criança, práticas parentais de alimentação e o excesso de peso na infância

2026-03-17T12:38:08Z

Título: Violência contra criança, práticas parentais de alimentação e o excesso de peso na infância Autor: Paolino, Letícia Quaresma Primeiro orientador: Hasselmann, Maria Helena Abstract: The central aim of this thesis is to investigate the relationship between violence against children, parental feeding practices and childhood overweight. The two manuscripts in this thesis come from a cross-sectional study entitled ‘Family violence, parental feeding styles and practices and childhood overweight’, carried out between 2015 and 2017. This study analysed 180 children aged between 2 and 5 years, seen at the Family Health Clinic in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. In the first manuscript, using multinomial logistic regression models and odds ratios, the associations between violence against children and childhood overweight were analysed. The results showed that psychological violence increased the odds of childhood overweight by 3 times (OR=3,02; 95%CI=1,28 - 7,12; p=0.012) and times the odds of obesity by 5 times (OR=5.53; 95%CI=1,08 - 28,36; p=0.041). Physical violence, on the other hand, increased the odds of obesity risk by 7 times (OR=7,65; 95%CI=1,47 - 39,76; p=0.016). When both forms of violence (psychological and physical) were present, the odds of childhood obesity increased by approximately 7 times (OR=7,19; 95%CI=1,37– 37,67; p=0.020). In the second manuscript, structural equation modelling showed that psychological violence against the child had a direct effect on parental food monitoring practices, with a standardised coefficient of 0.218 (p = 0.045). In addition, these monitoring practices had a direct effect on child overweight, with a standardised coefficient of 0.143 (p = 0.044). The environment in which children live during childhood plays a fundamental role in their nutritional status. The findings of this study which elucidate how childhood overweight can be influenced by psychological and physical violence, as well as parental feeding practices, are of great relevance for the implementation of public health strategies aimed at improve identification, care and prevention of childhood overweight. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Tese

Adaptação transcultural: equivalência de mensuração da versão brasileira (Rio de Janeiro) do Child Feeding Questionnaire

2026-03-16T16:22:16Z

Título: Adaptação transcultural: equivalência de mensuração da versão brasileira (Rio de Janeiro) do Child Feeding Questionnaire Autor: Silva, Stephanie Fernandes da Primeiro orientador: Hasselmann, Maria Helena Abstract: The parental feeding practices have been identified as important in the etiology of overweight and obesity. Although there are different ways of measuring parental feeding practices, the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) developed by Birch et al. (2001) is one of the most used, with a good psychometric history and several cross-cultural adaptations, being used in different countries. The CFQ has seven scales: Perceived responsibility (three items); Perceived parent weight (four items); Perceived child weight (six items); Concern about child weight (three items); Restriction (eight items); Pressure to eat (four items); Monitoring (three items); totaling 31 items. The objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the measurement equivalence step of the Portuguese (Brazil) version of the CFQ prepared by Ferreira et al. (2018). In the present study, reliability was evaluated using internal consistency (α’s Cronbach), inter-observer reliability was calculated using quadratic weighted kappa estimated separately for each item, with 95% confidence intervals and construct validity using the evaluation of the association between parental feeding practices and selected variables described in the literature as associated with such practices: birth weight, maternal age, maternal schooling and anthropometric variables such as weight/age, height/age and BMI/age. Associations were evaluated based on logistic regression analyzes (dichotomous outcomes) and linear regressions (continuous outcomes). Among the main characteristics of the sample studied, according to the Body Mass Index (BMI) 18.23% were obese. Regarding the internal consistency of the Brazilian version of the CFQ, most scales presented values above 0.6 (perceived responsibility, perception of the child's weight, concern about the child's weight, pressure to eat and monitoring). Regarding inter-observer reliability, weighted kappa values were above 0.859, being considered high. Regarding the construct validity, birth weight was inversely associated with the child's weight perception scale (r -0.79; p<0.05); maternal age was associated with a lower chance of pressure to eat (OR: 0.67; p< 0.05); the scales parental weight perception, child weight perception were associated with the BMI/age index (OR 2.27;15.86; p-value < 0.05). And the pressure to eat scale was associated with lower chances of being overweight (OR 0.44; p-value < 0.05). Our findings were satisfactory in relation to the original questionnaire, contributing to the process of cross-cultural adaptation of the questionnaire on parenting practices of infant feeding, for the identification and measurement of this aspect so important for the development of childhood overweight. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Dissertação