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Técnica minimamente invasiva de enucleação da próstata com Holmium Laser (MiLEP) – resultados prospectivos

2025-10-27T15:50:44Z

Título: Técnica minimamente invasiva de enucleação da próstata com Holmium Laser (MiLEP) – resultados prospectivos Autor: Alves, Breno Barros Primeiro orientador: Favorito, Luciano Alves Abstract: Introduction: This study aims to prospectively analyze the Prostate Enucleation procedure with Holmium Laser using the minimally invasive technique (MiLEP), comparing the outcomes and their variables pre- and post-operatively. Materials and methods: Were studied men with IPSS > 7, prostate > 35 cm³ and with an indication for a surgical procedure for BPH. We performed flowmetry and administered the IPSS questionnaire before and 6 months after the procedure. The patients were operated on with a 60W Holmium Laser (Cyber-Ho Quanta System®) using 54W of power (energy 1.8J and frequency of 30Hz). Enucleation was performed using the en bloc technique and the endoscopic material consisted of a continuous flow resectoscope (RZ®) 22 Fr with a working element compatible with a 550-micrometer laser fiber. After enucleation, the tissue was morcellated with a 22 FR morcellator Piranha (Richard Wolf). Student's T test and Man-Whitney was used to statistical analysis (p<0.05). Results: Were analyzed 73 patients (mean age= 68.2 years) with a follow up of 3 months. The urinary continence rate after the procedure was greater than 95% after 1 week and 99% in the 1st month. All patients were continent after 6 months. The IPSS questionnaire before (mean=21.18 points/SD=6.557) and after (mean=7.92 points/SD=2.408) the MiLEP had statistical significance (p< 0.001). The flowmetry(ml/s) before (9.02/SD=2.842) and after (21.07/SD= 6.228) the MiLEP had statistical significance (p<0.001). The average time of the procedure was 78.5 minutes and the bladder catheter was removed after 18 hours in mean. In 4 patients (5.8%) were observed hematuria and in 1 case (1.47%) the patient needs urinary catheterization. Conclusion: MiLEP is a safe and effective procedure, with significant improvement in urinary flow and symptoms in the short term. However, multicenter studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm these findings. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Efeitos do estresse crônico na preferência alimentar e morfologia testicular de ratos Wistar adultos

2025-09-01T17:40:21Z

Título: Efeitos do estresse crônico na preferência alimentar e morfologia testicular de ratos Wistar adultos Autor: Barnabé, Carina Ferreira Primeiro orientador: Souza, Diogo Benchimol de Abstract: Stress directly affects the homeostasis of living organisms and generates various physiological effects in an attempt to restore internal balance. When chronic, it negatively influences cells and tissues, in addition to affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, altering the distribution of hormones in the body and the response to these stress stimuli. Research suggests that comfort foods are capable of attenuating the stress response, and it is known that in periods of stress there is a greater search by individuals for comfort food. Studies show that testicular morphology and function are impacted by chronic stress. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of chronic stress on the morphology and function of the testes in adult Wistar rats; observe food preferences and their possible implications at the testicular level; and correlate chronic restraint stress with a possible increase in the consumption of highly palatable foods. Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats were used, divided into 4 groups: control with standard diet (C); stress with standard diet (S); control with standard diet + comfort food (C+CF); stress with standard diet + comfort food (S+CF). The animals in the stressed experimental groups were restrained daily in a polyvinyl chloride tube for 2 hours over 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, all animals were euthanized. The testes were collected and fixed for optical microscopy and molecular analysis. Comfort food was preferred over standard chow in groups C+CF and S+CF, but this preference was more preeminent in stressed animals (S+CF). The consumption of comfort food resulted in testicular weight reduction. The seminipherous epithelium was reduced in group S in comparison to controls. While comfort food also reduced the epithelium in C+CF in comparison to controls, for group S+CF the comfort food ameliorated the stress-induced damage. The cell proliferation rate and the relative expression of StAR and BLC2 genes were similar between the groups. Both chronic stress and comfort food consumption resulted in morphological alterations of the testes, and the consumption of comfort foods during chronic stress partially prevented the stress-induced detrimental effects on testes. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Impacto do estresse materno na morfologia do pênis da prole adulta de ratos Wistar

2025-03-10T17:29:35Z

Título: Impacto do estresse materno na morfologia do pênis da prole adulta de ratos Wistar Autor: Macedo, Carolinne Ramos de Primeiro orientador: Gregório, Bianca Martins Abstract: Exposure to prolonged stress has a destructive effect on tissues, negatively influencing cell proliferation and differentiation. When it occurs during critical periods of development (pregnancy and/or lactation), it can program puppies for the future development of cardiovascular diseases, obesity, glucose intolerance and diabetes. However, it is not yet known whether this maternal stress programming is capable of inducing morphological changes in the penis. After approval by the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals (CEUA nº 9518170621), the mothers were divided into two experimental groups: Control Group (C) - control mothers, without any intervention (n=5); and Stress Group (E) - of mothers who suffered variable stress in the third week of pregnancy (14th to 21st day; n=5). The variable stress protocol consisted of metabolic isolation in a cage, wet sawdust, tilting the cage and deprivation of food and water. From birth, the puppies (n= 10, in group C and n= 9 in group E) were monitored until they were three months old, the date of euthanasia. Body mass was checked at birth, at 21 days and at 90 days and food intake was checked daily. At euthanasia, fat deposits (retroperitoneal, epididymal, subcutaneous) and the penis were removed for histomorphometric analysis (areas of the penis and tunica albuginea; and area densities of connective tissue, smooth muscle and sinusoidal space). The data were analyzed for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the Mann Whitney test was used for non-normal distributions and the Student's t-test was used for normal distributions, considering p<0.05. At birth and weaning, group E had lower weights than group C, -33.72% (p= 0.0422) and -17.07% (p= 0.0018), respectively. However, the final mass and body mass delta showed no difference. Food consumption and fat deposits were also the same. In turn, group E presented higher glycemic values at 30 and 60 days of life, [+20.59% (p= 0.0042) and +14.56% (p= 0.0079)], respectively; without showing a difference at 90 days, when compared to group C. Regarding the measurement of the areas of the penis and the surface densities of the corpora cavernosa components, there was no difference between the groups. Thus, the results indicate that gestational stress is an important metabolic programmer that generates low birth weight and leads to postnatal catch-up. However, early exposure to stress did not change the morphology of the offspring's penis in adulthood. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Avaliação histomorfétrica do corpo cavernoso após o tratamento com a dutasterida e a finasterida em um modelo roedor de hiperplasia prostática benigna

2024-11-08T20:22:33Z

Título: Avaliação histomorfétrica do corpo cavernoso após o tratamento com a dutasterida e a finasterida em um modelo roedor de hiperplasia prostática benigna Autor: Silva, Marcello Henrique Araujo da Primeiro orientador: Souza, Diogo Benchimol de Abstract: Erectile dysfunction is a common adverse effect of treatment with finasteride and dutasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, it is not known what happens in the morphology of the corpus cavernosum after treatment with these drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate structural changes in the penis of a BPH model treated with dutasteride or finasteride. Sixty adult male rats were divided into the following groups: Ctrl, untreated Wistar Kyoto rats; Ctrl+D, Wistar Kyoto rats receiving dutasteride; Ctrl+F, Wistar Kyoto rats receiving finasteride; HPB, untreated spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR); HPB+D, dutasteride treated SHR; and HPB+F, SHR treated with finasteride. All treatments were performed for 40 days, after treatment the penises were collected. The cavernous bodies were analyzed using histomorphometric methods to obtain the transverse penile area and the superficial density (Sv) of the smooth muscle fibers, connective tissue, fibers of the elastic system and sinusoidal spaces. The results were compared through one-way ANOVA with the Bonferroni post-test, considering p <0.05 as significant. The Ctrl+D and Ctrl+F groups showed significant reductions in the penile area, but increased the Sv of the elastic system fibers compared to the Ctrl group. The Ctrl+D group showed a reduction of Sv of the smooth muscle. The HPB group had a higher Sv of connective tissue, but the Sv of the sinusoidal space was lower in comparison to the Ctrl group. The HPB+D and HPB+F groups showed a reduction in Sv smooth muscle when compared to the group of BPH. In addition, the HPB+D group increased the Sv of connective tissue and Sv of the fibers of the elastic system compared to the HPB group. Both dutasteride and finasteride promoted penile modifications when compared to control and HPB groups, although these were more prominent in HPB animals. Dutasteride was the drug that most affected the cavernous body in this model of rodents. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Dissertação