http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/3671 2026-05-14T22:26:14Z 2026-05-14T22:26:14Z Rabello, Vinícius Malta http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25424 2026-03-06T16:00:01Z 2025-12-09T00:00:00Z

Título: Ficorremediação de hormônios femininos por microalgas de diferentes espécies Autor: Rabello, Vinícius Malta Primeiro orientador: Salomão, André Luis de Sá Abstract: Emerging Concern Contaminants (ECCs) include natural or synthetic compounds detected in the environment that, despite their potential risks, still lack systematic monitoring and specific regulation. Among these compounds, environmental estrogens stand out, as even at low concentrations they can induce adverse effects on aquatic organisms and pose risks to human health. The recurrent presence of these hormones in treated or inadequately treated effluents has driven the search for more efficient removal technologies. In this context, phycoremediation has emerged as a promising alternative due to its operational simplicity, low cost, and high bioremediation potential. This study aimed to evaluate the bioremoval potential of the hormones 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), estradiol (E2), and estrone (E1) by the unicellular microalgae Chlorella vulgaris, Desmodesmus subspicatus, and Raphidocelis subcapitata, using mineral water and the L.C. Oligo and WC culture media as matrices. The efficiency of microalgal consortia was investigated using a Statistical Design of Experiments (DOE), followed by validation of the most efficient algal consortia. The results indicated that microalgal consortia exhibit higher treatment efficiency compared to monocultures, although they showed lower growth rates than C. vulgaris. It was also observed that algal densities above 10⁵ cells mL⁻¹ are essential to enhance hormone treatability. In addition, culture media significantly favored algal growth compared to mineral water, but only moderately influenced the degradation of the evaluated estrogens. Overall, process efficiency strongly depends on the balance between cell density and interspecific interactions, highlighting the importance of optimizing cultivation conditions to maximize the performance of algal consortia. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Tese

2025-12-09T00:00:00Z Pimentel, Patrícia Guedes http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25414 2026-03-05T20:28:46Z 2025-11-10T00:00:00Z

Título: Balanço hídrico e serviços ambientais de regulação hídrica fornecidos pelo Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ) Autor: Pimentel, Patrícia Guedes Primeiro orientador: Teixeira, Wenceslau Geraldes Abstract: The Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden (JBRJ) constitutes an important environmental conservation area within the urbanized city of Rio de Janeiro. This work aimed to evaluate the water balance and estimate the environmental services of water regulation provided by the JBRJ. To understand the local hydrological dynamics, integrated studies were carried out involving the analysis of changes in land use and cover, a historical survey of surface water use in the Botanical Garden, and an investigation of extreme hydrological events in the neighborhood and within the JBRJ, as well as the anthropogenic interventions (drainage works and landfill) carried out over the years. The mapping results showed that, between 2009 and 2013, there was a 0.14% reduction in tree and shrub cover (equivalent to 1 ha) and an increase of 0.7 ha in areas of rocky outcrops and sedimentary deposits, indicating the occurrence of erosive processes and mass movements in areas of high slope. Despite these changes, the changes in vegetation cover were not very significant, reflecting the area's resistance to the effects of urbanization and the effectiveness of the preservation actions conducted by the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute (IPJB). Regarding critical hydrological events, it was observed that the average intensity of maximum rainfall in 1 hour during the period from 2009 to 2019 was 55.7 mm/h, with emphasis on the extreme event of 88 mm/h recorded in 2010, associated with a return period of 54 years and an annual probability of 2%. Projections until 2029 indicate a growing trend in the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall. As for the history of water in the JBRJ, episodes of flooding were observed, especially in the Macacos River (the main local water body), which culminated in drainage interventions. Physicochemical and hydraulic analyses of soil samples were also conducted, as well as field infiltration tests, the results of which supported the water balance simulations performed with the Hydrus-1D model. In the simulations, two representative soil covers – grassland and forest – were evaluated to understand the influence of vegetation on infiltration, surface runoff, evapotranspiration, and soil water storage. Analyses of basic infiltration velocity (BIV) showed significantly higher average values under forest cover (64.6 mm/h) than in grassland areas (18.1 mm/h), confirming the greater efficiency of arboreal vegetation in water infiltration, reinforcing the importance of maintaining these areas for the hydrological balance of the micro basin. The simulation results corroborate this statement, since areas under forest cover showed greater infiltration and water storage capacity, as well as more significant transpiration values. In contrast, grassland areas showed greater surface runoff, reflecting the shallower root depth. These differences highlight the important role of arboreal vegetation in regulating water flows and mitigating flooding events. Therefore, the JBRJ acts as a natural green infrastructure, with drainage and water recharge functions that contribute to the environmental balance of the region. Furthermore, urban green areas strengthen the potential of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), constituting an environmental planning and management strategy aimed at promoting water and climate resilience in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Tese

2025-11-10T00:00:00Z Carvalho, Josie Batista Bastos http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25399 2026-03-04T18:39:38Z 2025-09-29T00:00:00Z

Título: Avaliação das emissões de poluentes em uso real de veículos flex fuel usando medições a bordo Autor: Carvalho, Josie Batista Bastos Primeiro orientador: Martins, Eduardo Monteiro Abstract: Motor vehicles are characterized as the largest sources of pollutant emissions in highly urbanized regions. The State of Rio de Janeiro has the fifth largest vehicle fleet in the country, with more than 8.1 million vehicles, representing 6.4% of the national fleet. Even with technological innovations in engines and fuels, the growth of the vehicle fleet continues to contribute to the deterioration of air quality. Therefore, it is necessary to know the profile of pollutants emitted in Rio de Janeiro, in real conditions, in order to understand the impacts caused by this type of source. This study carried out a systematic analysis of the methodologies for measuring vehicle emissions in real conditions in Brazil and worldwide, complemented by an experimental study with five flex fuel vehicles from phase L6 of PROCONVE, fueled with C gasoline. The experiment was conducted on a road in the industrial area of Resende (RJ) and used a low-cost portable system. The systematic review showed that on-board measurement is predominant worldwide (58% of studies), while in Brazil, studies in tunnels are still more frequent (57%). The most investigated pollutant was NOx (77%), followed by CO (62%), CO₂ (49%) and HC (43%), with diesel (69%) and gasoline (60%) as the most studied fuels. The experimental results showed variability in emissions between vehicles, with higher concentrations in the stabilized and hot phases of the engine. The emission factors (EF) varied significantly, revealing vehicles 1 and 4 as the main emitters of CO (average EF of 0.65 g km⁻¹) and vehicles 1 and 3 of HC (average EF of 0.82 g km⁻¹). The boxplot analysis evaluated the behavior of each vehicle regarding energy efficiency, evidencing high medians of CO (0.27 g km⁻¹) and HC (0.93 g km⁻¹) in vehicle 3. Spearman's correlation showed correlations between gas temperature and emissions. Vehicles 1, 3 and 4 showed a strong positive correlation between CO and HC, with coefficients of r = 0.83, r = 0.75 and r = 0.79, respectively, indicating the occurrence of incomplete combustion. The comparative analysis showed that the emission factors are below the PROCONVE limits, but higher than the estimated CO and HC factors for the flex-gasoline C category of the INEA inventory. It is concluded that, despite advances in emissions control, the heterogeneity of profiles demands specific strategies for energy optimization and pollutant reduction, reinforcing the importance of studies in real conditions for public policies and more accurate inventories. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Tese

2025-09-29T00:00:00Z Dinamarco, Camila Pereira Gonsalez http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25370 2026-02-27T19:46:43Z 2025-03-11T00:00:00Z

Título: Ecotoxicidade dos compostos triclosan e 17α-etinilestradiol em organismos aquáticos e avaliação da mistura binária em Ceriodaphnia dubia pelo modelo MIXTOX Autor: Dinamarco, Camila Pereira Gonsalez Primeiro orientador: Bila, Daniele Maia Abstract: The continuous use and improper disposal of products containing triclosan (TCS) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), coupled with inadequate treatment, result in environmental impacts and risks to biodiversity. The bioaccumulation of these compounds in aquatic environments underscores the need for monitoring and mitigation strategies to address their impacts. This study aims to evaluate the chronic effects of TCS and EE2 individually on Ceriodaphnia dubia and Raphidocelis subcapitata, as well as the acute effects on Aliivibrio fischeri. Additionally, it investigates the combined effects of these compounds on C. dubia using the MIXTOX mathematical model, which is notable for its ability to predict mixture toxicity through the concepts of Concentration Addition (CA) and Independent Action (IA), as well as to predict deviations from these concepts, such as synergism or antagonism, dose-level dependency, and dose-ratio dependency. Chronic bioassays demonstrated that TCS was more toxic than EE2 to C. dubia and R. subcapitata. For C. dubia, the EC50 values were 93 μg L-1 (± 1.41) for TCS and 589 μg L-1 (± 2.12) for EE2. For R. subcapitata, the EC50 values were 1.62 μg L-1 (± 0.05) for TCS and 527 μg L-1 (± 15.2) for EE2. In acute assays with A. fischeri, EE2 was more toxic EC50 = 1.02 mg L-1 (±0.49) than TCS EC50 = 1.81 mg L-1 (±0.63). For the binary mixture analysis (TCS + EE2), the CA model produced the most accurate fit (r² = 0.71; SS = 31855.9) compared to the IA model (r² = 0.55; SS = 50809.9), revealing synergistic interactions at low doses and suggesting that both compounds act through the same mode of action. The toxicity results highlight that despite the low concentrations in the environment, these compounds, as they have the capacity to bioaccumulate, require adequate treatment to avoid causing ecological damage to the aquatic environment and reduce risks to biodiversity and human health. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Tese

2025-03-11T00:00:00Z