TEDE Coleção:
http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/16108
2024-03-29T13:11:09ZAnálise genética das linhagens matrilíneas de indivíduos maranhenses para fins de bancos de dados populacional e forense
http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/21551
Título: Análise genética das linhagens matrilíneas de indivíduos maranhenses para fins de bancos de dados populacional e forense
Autor: Gonçalves, Anna Beatriz Rodrigues
Primeiro orientador: Silva, Dayse Aparecida da
Abstract: The analysis of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) allows the characterization of a population’s matrilineal ancestry. Besides, the analysis of this genome has the potential to contribute to clinical studies and human identification. On this wise, this genetic information has importance for population, clinical, and forensic studies. Due to the particularities of each population, mitochondrial genome information is needed for the application of mtDNA as a genetic marker. However, genetic data of mitochondrial inheritance of the Brazilian population is still limited, with no information available in genetic databases on some states in the country, as Maranhão, located in the Brazilian northeast. Thus, this study aims to analyze the maternal lineages that constitute a sample of individuals from Brazilian State Maranhão, in order to collaborate with ancestry studies and expand the mtDNA genetic database. Through the sequencing of the mtDNA complete control region, we analyzed 151 individuals who were born in Maranhão. As a result, the identification of genetic variations by the termination chain method allowed the characterization of different haplotypes and haplogroups. As a result, 144 unique haplotypes and 65 different haplogroups were found. Besides, it was possible to establish the molecular diversity indices and the maternal lineages. High molecular diversity values and low random match probability (RMP) indicated high population diversity. Regarding the maternal lineage, the main component was Native American, corresponding to 45%, followed by 38.5% of African contribution, 13.85% European, and 2.65% Asian. The most frequent haplogroup found in this sample was L3, followed by B4. These are the first data on the maternal ancestry of a population from Maranhão, and the results indicated an important indigenous and African maternal heritage. These results are possibly related to the presence of native indigenous tribes in the Brazilian territory and the intense African migration to Brazil due to the slave trade when Maranhão was a destination for the disembarking of slave ships. When comparing these results with data from other Brazilian populations, the results of population differentiation and FST indicated greater differences between Maranhão and southern Brazil and smaller differences compared with the southeast Brazilian region, which may be related to colonization and different migration patterns between the localities. Thus, this study shows unprecedented information about the matrilineal genetic composition for the formation of the population of Maranhão. The results obtained in this research reinforce the importance of continuing to study the mitochondrial genome for clinical, population, and forensic applications
Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Tipo do documento: Dissertação2020-03-10T00:00:00ZO efeito de mediadores químicos e vesículas extracelulares secretados pelo tecido adiposo de pacientes obesos sobre a função e diferenciação de osteoblastos humanos
http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/20890
Título: O efeito de mediadores químicos e vesículas extracelulares secretados pelo tecido adiposo de pacientes obesos sobre a função e diferenciação de osteoblastos humanos
Autor: Forte, Yasmin Silva
Primeiro orientador: Barja-Fidalgo, Thereza Christina
Abstract: Obesity is a multifactorial disease characterized by excessive body fat accumulation. During obesity development, white adipose tissue undergoes a pathological expansion in which hypertrophied adipocytes modify their secretory profile contributing to low-grade chronic inflammation establishment. Obesity-derived pro-inflammatory mediators interfere with the functions of various organs and tissues, and those obese-adipose tissue products can also affect bone tissue. Many works have demonstrated that pro-inflammatory cytokines induce an inhibition of osteoblasts activity, cells that produce bone extracellular matrix (BECM); while activating the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts, which promotes bone resorption; resulting in bone loss. However, the increase in mechanical load is a factor that stimulates bone formation. Because of this, the effect of obesity on bone remodeling is still a topic that generates disagreements. Additionally, the role of extracellular vesicles released by obese adipose tissue on osteoblast activity is poorly explored, justifying the investigation. In this work, the cells SAOS-2 human osteoblast lineage were treated with conditioned media of the cultures of subcutaneous adipose tissue from obese (OCM) and eutrophic (ECM) patients during the maturation of these cells in vitro. Furthermore, we isolated the extracellular vesicles in adipose tissue conditioned media of obese (EVO) and eutrophic (EVE) subjects to assess their interference in the osteoblast differentiation process. It was observed that OCM increased cell proliferation, promoted a morphological modification to a spindle-shaped form, decreased BECM calcification, and reduced the expression of osteogenic markers. OCM also increased mesenchymal markers, promoting β-Catenin degradation, reducing integrin β1 expression, and decreasing FAK activation. These alterations were not observed after treatment with isolated extracellular vesicles. Because OCM has higher concentrations of TGF-β1, the role of this factor in its effects on osteoblasts was further investigated. Treatment with TGF-β1 produced similar results as OCM treatment. Blockade of TGF-β in OCM reversed the morphological modification and altered proliferation but did not reestablish calcification. The data indicate that mediators released by the adipose tissue during obesity can induce cellular regression of mature osteoblast phenotype towards an osteoprogenitor-like profile, partly caused by increased release of TGF-β1 produced by obese-adipose tissue
Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Tipo do documento: Dissertação2022-12-15T00:00:00ZEfeitos da hipóxia isquêmica pré-natal e da separação materna no risco cardiovascular e no comportamento de ratos
http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/20887
Título: Efeitos da hipóxia isquêmica pré-natal e da separação materna no risco cardiovascular e no comportamento de ratos
Autor: Cavalheira, Mariana Alencar
Primeiro orientador: Ognibene, Dayane Teixeira
Abstract: Stressful events in the perinatal period can be determinant for the genesis of pathologies, considering that the presence of stressors in the perinatal period has been associated with increased susceptibility to psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression, and cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, rats were submitted to prenatal hypoxia- ischemic (HI) and maternal separation (SM) to mimic prenatal and postnatal stressors, respectively. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of HI and MS, alone and in combination, on cardiovascular risk and on anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors. On the 18th day of gestation, pregnant Wistar females were randomly divided into control (NC), surgical control (SHAM) and hypoxia-ischemic (HI) groups. The HI rats had their uterine horns exposed and their uterine arteries were clamped for 45 minutes. In the SHAM group, the females were submitted to the same procedure, except for the clamping of the uterine arteries. After the full-term birth of the pups, the litters of the three groups were subdivided into non-separated and maternal separation. The MS protocol took place from the first to the fifteenth postnatal day for 180 minutes. At P30 and P90, the animals of the six groups were submitted to the plus maze and open field test, to assess anxiety-like behavior, and to the sucrose preference test and forced swimming to investigate depressive-like behavior. Hemodynamic, vascular parameters and oxidative stress analysis were performed to assess the cardiovascular profile. HI and MS per se seem to consistently generate cardiovascular changes, such as endothelial dysfunction, decreased GPx activity and nitrite production, in addition to increased systemic blood pressure. In addition, early stress led the animals to develop depressive-like behavior. The combination of the two stresses maintains the depressive-like behavior, however, it does not appear to lead to cardiovascular dysfunction. The dataset suggests that early stress produces permanent changes in animals that are consistent with increased cardiovascular risk and susceptibility to psychiatric disorders
Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Tipo do documento: Dissertação2022-02-21T00:00:00ZEfeitos do extrato da Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Açaí) na indução da termogênese e na biogênese mitocondrial no tecido adiposo marrom de camundongos submetidos à dieta hiperlipídica
http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/20878
Título: Efeitos do extrato da Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Açaí) na indução da termogênese e na biogênese mitocondrial no tecido adiposo marrom de camundongos submetidos à dieta hiperlipídica
Autor: Silva, Dafne Lopes Beserra
Primeiro orientador: Resende, Angela de Castro
Abstract: The rising rates of obesity and overweight represents an urgent public health concern and are a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Excess lipids favor energy imbalance, leading to remodeling of adipose tissue and suggesting a directly association with the induction of obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is related to the dissipation of energy in the form of heat during adaptative thermogenesis, contributing to energy expenditure. The açaí seed extract (ASE) promotes an anti-obesity effect, whose mechanisms are still poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of treatment with ASE on BAT remodeling and its role in thermogenesis induction and mitochondrial biogenesis in BAT, as well as adipocytes proliferation and differentiation, and fatty acid utilization. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: control (10% lipid diet); HF (60% lipid diet) and HF+ASE (60% lipid diet + 300 mg/kg/day by intragastric gavage). The diet was administered concurrently with the treatment for 12 weeks. Body mass were measured weekly and blood glucose every fifteen days during the treatment period. The lipid profile, expression of markers related to differentiation and proliferation, thermogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acids utilization, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes and oxidative damage in BAT homogenate were evaluated. The morphological alterations of BAT and white adipose tissue (WAT) were analyzed histologically. ASE proved to be effective in preventing body mass gain, blood glucose and morphological changes in white and brown adipose tissue in mice treated with the extract when compared to the HF group. In BAT, ASE treatment prevented the increased expression differentiation markers PRDM16 and PPARα, thermogenesis induction pAMPK, pLKB1, SIRT-1, UCP-1 and β3-AR, fatty acid utilization PLIN1, ATGL, HSL and CPT-1, and mitochondrial biogenesis PGC-1α and NRF1 in relation to the HF group. The increase in UCP-1 protein expression in the group treated with ASE was corroborated by immunostaining of this protein. In addition, ASE treatment also showed a reduction in oxidative damage through a reduction in MDA levels compared to the HF group and a reduction in 8-isoprostane immunostaining, as well as increased activity of the antioxidant enzyme SOD, without changing the enzymatic activity of GPx and catalase in the treated group in relation to the HF group. The extract also prevented the increase of inflammatory markers MCP-1 and TNF-α in BAT. These findings demonstrate that treatment with ASE prevented structural changes in the BAT of high-fat fed mice and increased the expression of key proteins related to thermogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis, in addition to reducing oxidative stress in BAT, suggesting that extract can be used as an important approach in preventing obesity
Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Tipo do documento: Dissertação2022-02-15T00:00:00Z