http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/3521 2026-04-12T03:37:08Z http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25576 Título: Laguna de Araruama e impacto ambiental: um estudo sobre as ações de recuperação do corpo hídrico lagunar Autor: Anjos, Juliana Alvares dos Primeiro orientador: Silva, Júlio César da Abstract: Laguna de Araruama is considered the largest permanent hypersaline lagoon in the world and attracts tourists from all over due to its natural beauty, however it suffers from pollution in its water body. IBGE data indicate a strong population growth in recent years, but basic sanitation services have not followed this growth, transforming the lagoon into a large recipient of domestic sewage. Urgent recovery interventions must be taken to change this scenario. For this, two interventions are being implemented and one is under study, the dredging of the Itajuru channel and the construction of the belt around the lagoon are in progress and the opening of the channel to the west of the lagoon is under study. Aiming to analyze the impacts that such interventions will offer to the environment and the population, this study presented a comparison of the impacts generated by the actions of recovery of the lagoon, being possible to identify that, according to NOP-INEA-46, the dredging work it has a medium impact and the works on the belt and opening of the channel have a high impact, which requires more detailed studies from such works regarding the measures to minimize the impacts offered. The opening of an artificial channel is the one that offers the greatest damage to the environment, as it alters the hydrodynamics of the lagoon and its condition of hypersalinity. The work on the belt has a great impact on the population, as it will be necessary to completely and/or partially block some streets. The dredging work, as well as the opening of the channel, have a permanent impact due to the fact that Laguna de Araruama is considered an environmental historical heritage and its banks are a permanent preservation area (APP). The study also presents a general analysis of the behavior of the IQAs due to the increase in population and the lack of sanitation, showing through the data that, as much as the concessionaires advance in the areas of sewage treatment, the indexes still remain in the category from regular to bad in the monitoring stations located in the rivers that flow into the lagoon, configuring the need for recovery actions also in the rivers. In order to control and monitor these actions, the importance of considering collective decision-making, including the population, is highlighted. that at various times, along with the advance of pollution, were responsible for the few recovery actions that the lagoon suffered. It is worth noting that the three actions studied present themselves as an effective and efficient intervention, with the exception of the level of their impacts. Therefore, the product of this dissertation is the comparative analysis of the environmental impacts generated by the actions of recovery of the lagoon with considerations for taking collective decisions. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2023-01-25T00:00:00Z http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25567 Título: Taxonomia e aspectos paleoambientais de vertebrados fósseis do Lajedo de Soledade, Apodi, Rio Grande do Norte Autor: Costa, João Paulo da Primeiro orientador: Araujo Junior, Hermínio Ismael de Abstract: Lajedo de Soledade comprises an extensive carbonate platform located in northeastern Brazil, characterized by a set of ravines formed by karstification processes associated with structural fractures. These deposits provide an important record of Quaternary fauna, contributing significantly to the reconstruction of the region’s past aleoenvironmental conditions. The present study aims to describe the taxonomic diversity, estimate the geochronology, and infer the paleoecology of vertebrates collected at the Lajedo de Soledade, contributing to the paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Quaternary of the Brazilian Intertropical Region. At Ravina das Araras, at least eight avian taxa distributed among six families have been identified, including Rhynchotus rufescens, Zenaida auriculata, Cathartes sp., Buteoninae gen. et sp. indet., Crypturellus sp., Cairina moschata, and cf. Aratinga, constituting an avifaunal diversity that is uncommon in regional Quaternary deposits. The herpetofauna is represented by anurans attributed to the genera cf. Rhinella sp. and cf. Leptodactylus sp., as well as Hylidae gen. et sp. indet.; by crocodilians identified as Caimaninae indet.; and by at least three taxa of Testudines, including a tortoise (Chelonoidis sp.) and two freshwater turtles (Kinosternon scorpioides and Mesoclemmys cf. tuberculata). This assemblage confers upon Ravina das Araras the status of an important Late Quaternary fossil deposit, marked by high vertebrate diversity and complemented by rich mammalian assemblages previously recognized. Additionally, Ravina do Leon expands the faunal record of Lajedo de Soledade through the occurrence of Caimaninae indet. and the extinct cathartid Pleistovultur nevesi. The ichnotaxon Nihilichnus clavus was identified on costal plates of M. cf. tuberculata, expanding the known ichnological record for the Brazilian Quaternary and providing direct evidence of ecological interactions among vertebrates. These traces support the interpretation of a possible predator–prey relationship, likely involving freshwater turtles and caimans, taxa associated with similar aquatic habitats. Geochronological, isotopic, and morphometric data indicate that Pleistovultur nevesi was a large cathartid from the Late Pleistocene, widely distributed across South America. The calibrated age obtained for this individual places it between 34,772 and 36,986 cal yr BP, confirming its coexistence with South American megafauna. The isotopic value (δ13C = −7.6‰) indicates a diet predominantly based on carcasses of herbivores associated with open environments, with a strong contribution from C4 plants, while the estimated body mass (11.2 kg) places the species among the largest known representatives of Cathartidae, within a range comparable to that of large extant condors. The integration of taxonomic, taphonomic, and sedimentological evidence indicates that the fossiliferous layers of Lajedo de Soledade record a dynamic paleoenvironmental mosaic, dominated by open landscapes analogous to dry savannas or open Caatinga formations, interspersed with sectors of greater vegetation cover and temporary aquatic environments.These records reinforce the role of Lajedo de Soledade as an important Quaternary paleoenvironmental archive, essential for understanding the past ecological and environmental dynamics of northeastern Brazil. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Tese 2026-02-26T00:00:00Z http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25561 Título: Nunca não é Carnaval: uma geografia da cidade à luz das fanfarras carnavalizadas cariocas Autor: Ferreira, Gabriela Calafate Primeiro orientador: Andrade, Julia Santos Cossermelli de Abstract: This text focuses on carnival brass bands in Rio de Janeiro, based on the hypothesis that they constitute an analytical lens for understanding the city's spatial processes linked to its artistic activities. We propose this term to address the movement, given the ontological clash that runs through it, arguing that it mobilizes carnivalization as a playful, entertaining, and performative process—marked by imagination, satire, and corporeality. The research aims to investigate how these musical practices reveal, challenge and reproduce power relations and spatial differentiation that structure the city. It argues that their expansion, concentrated in the administrative Center-South, highlights some of the rationalities governing Rio's urban planning, as well as ambiguous logics regarding the use of public spaces and the production of carnival art. The study seeks to understand the growth of the movement and its relationship with Rio's street carnival, examining the dynamics and festive technologies of appropriation of public spaces, as well as the contemporary demands of the participants, the urban elements that condition the arrangement of the festivities, and the ways in which the social markers of the revelers reverberate in the celebration. To achieve this, the methodology combines fieldwork, semi-structured interviews, and the use of online questionnaires. Analyzing the different discourses of those involved, it is demonstrated that the expansion and consolidation of these brass bands do not stem from a single factor, but from a set of interconnected investments. These involved responses to bureaucracy by the Rio de Janeiro City Hall, the creation of musical classes, the organization of an artistic festival within these bands, the tactical use of digital social networks, and the resumption of collective activities after a pandemic period. We argue that, through carnivalization, this movement establishes dynamics that are distinct from everyday orders. Their performances mobilize common signs that, in addition to conferring a shared identity to the bands, transform the relationships between form and content in the urban environment and produce ephemeral territorialities. At the same time, the arrangement of these events also reflects disparities between the Administrative Zones of Rio de Janeiro with regard to state action and public infrastructure and services, both associated with the race and social class of the revelers and residents of the metropolis. In this way, carnival brass bands undermine some hegemonic structures of urban production, but also reflect, create and/or strengthen many others that appear more rigid. They are, therefore, a key to understanding the city as a synthesis of social dialectics. The analysis of this festival, alongside cultural and urban studies, illuminates yet another layer through which the city is made up of a set of distinct land uses, and reinforces musical practices as notable geographical information. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-02-26T00:00:00Z http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25546 Título: Representações Monte Carlo, Las Vegas e Determinística de Grafos Massivos Autor: Leão, Paulo Diogo Rodrigues Primeiro orientador: Oliveira, Fabiano de Souza Abstract: Lossless compact and probabilistic graph representations aim to reduce the space occupied by classical representations, such as the adjacency list and edge list, without compromising the accuracy of adjacency tests. In the literature, there are several techniques for compact graph representation. However, many of these approaches are limited to modifying vertex labels in order to produce more compact classical representations, or to representing more restricted classes of graphs. Few proposals exist for modeling general graphs with an emphasis on compactness of representation. This thesis investigates a recent variant of the XOR filter, called Spatial XOR, which introduces the concept of contiguous windows in the mapping vector of hash functions. We developed an empirical and computational methodology to estimate the optimal size of these windows and the maximum load factor, employing machine learning techniques (leave-one-out validation) and large-scale empirical analysis. Additionally, two new lossless graph representations are proposed. The first is based on the use of hash functions, combining explicit and implicit neighborhood lists, resulting in a Las Vegas–type randomized data structure; the second employs modular arithmetic to represent neighborhoods through systems of congruences. The experiments demonstrated that the probabilistic representation achieves greater compactness, while the modular representation provides a significantly shorter construction time, maintaining space efficiency compared to traditional adjacency lists. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Tese 2025-12-05T00:00:00Z