TEDE Coleção:
http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/3530
2024-03-28T16:25:01ZO cuidado ético e a ética do cuidado: rupturas e a continuidade na política de HIV/AIDS no Brasil
http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/17469
Título: O cuidado ético e a ética do cuidado: rupturas e a continuidade na política de HIV/AIDS no Brasil
Autor: Rocha, Emerson Ferreira da
Primeiro orientador: Rios, André Rangel
Abstract: The main objective of this thesis was to identify the processes of rupture and continuity in the policy of coping with AIDS in Brazil, from the legal-institutional point of view and from the organizational and political point of view, in the light of the paradigm of the Ethics of Care. The justification and relevance of the theme are due to criteria: a) epidemiological - the numbers show a worrying increase in the epidemic in an age group that is difficult to manage, such as male adolescents and young adults, and a higher incidence of this problem in historically marginalized groups, such as blacks and brown, being more relevant among black and brown women; b) political – changes that took place in the political scenario, with relevant effects on health policy, challenged the social arrangement that had ensured the policy to fight AIDS a prominent place, both nationally and internationally. The advance of decentralization in the SUS, associated with the taking of neoliberal measures in the scope of public policies, generated positive ruptures, such as the increase in the coverage of assistance to PLWHA. However, it had deleterious effects among them: the loss of prominence of the role of prevention as a right and a care tool, the reduction in the participation of social movements in decision-making, which resulted in the loosening of the collective and emancipatory pact historically associated with achievements of this confrontation; problems related to the limited capacity of some municipalities in the administrative management of public resources; difficulties, given the conservatism that asserted itself at the political level, in the implementation of ethically sensitive policies such as the case of AIDS. As well as the current proposal for fighting AIDS, since 2013 the pharmacological intervention has been adopted. This measure has been intensified to the present day, which occurred uncritically and even in the face of unsatisfactory indicators related to adherence to ARV's, especially when comparing adherence to ART in Brazil (69%) with countries like the United Kingdom (98 %). Which demonstrates some weakness of the policy in this regard. In this sense, assuming the ethics of care as a prevailing moral paradigm in health can contribute to wards escaping from the traps created by the State-control which, through biolaw and biopolitics, tends to homogenize bodies and vulnerabilities.
Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Tipo do documento: Tese2021-10-14T00:00:00ZVulnerabilidade na gravidez em adolescentes: divergências entre o estatuto da criança e do adolescente (eca) e a práxis do cuidar.
http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/7739
Título: Vulnerabilidade na gravidez em adolescentes: divergências entre o estatuto da criança e do adolescente (eca) e a práxis do cuidar.
Autor: Guimarães, Antonia Lucia Marins
Primeiro orientador: Pegoraro, Olinto Antonio
Abstract: The Statute of the Child and Adolescent was approached in this study as the policy to protect and promote the rights of the population in this age group, especially in the condition of vulnerability to being pregnant, overcoming the complexities of development of adolescence with the gestation phase of a new being. The adolescent population in the country still has not guaranteed the social recognition as a subject of law, having, therefore, restrictions of accessibility needs, with greater relevance in the areas of health and education, where levels of school dropout and pregnancy are still high despite the fall in the fertility rate in recent years. Despite the deliberations of the ECA, assistance in the pre, post, and postnatal periods in an interdisciplinary way is not effective and effective in the institutions linked to the health programs dispensed to the population, where the specificities of adolescence mix with the characteristics of the other adult pregnant women, making it difficult to monitor the developmental conditions of the group. Thus, the study opted to establish a dialogue between the welfare praxis and the public policy, aiming at reflecting on the relationship of the Statute of the Child and the Adolescent, in its protective character aimed at the pregnancy from the assistance praxis seeking the compatibility between the ECA's recommendations and assistance. The assumption was that the failure to comply with the preventive, promotive and protective nature of the differentiated care policy advocated by the ECA to the adolescent pregnant women, amplifies their condition of vulnerability in the phenomenon of pregnancy. The relevance of the study stands out in the academic and assistance character in order to return the look to the formation of qualified professionals to face the dilemmas that have arisen in order to contribute with the acquisition of the necessary knowledge for a respectful and quality accompaniment through principles such as completeness, vulnerability and equity in health, education and social assistance, providing support to adolescents. The study was developed from the Integrative Literature Review, the data being treated by the content analysis of Bardin, emerging categories that supported the discussion of the data. It can be concluded that despite the efforts made in the objectification of public policies, there is still a diversity of issues to be addressed in the political field in order to optimize proposals for globalized assistance to social actors involved in the process of teenage pregnancy, professionals, in the awareness of society, in the participation of families or in the social commitment to be adopted by the managers and rulers in the process of formulation, monitoring, evaluation and reorganization of the strategies to be adopted, in order to minimize negative repercussions in society and legitimize the rights guaranteed to the adolescent and her child by the legislation
Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Tipo do documento: Tese2017-12-08T00:00:00ZMulher, gênero e encarceramento: implicações sociais e éticas.
http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/7738
Título: Mulher, gênero e encarceramento: implicações sociais e éticas.
Autor: Castro, Vilma Diuana de
Primeiro orientador: Corrêa, Marilena Cordeiro Dias Villela
Abstract: The accelerated increase in women's imprisonment in Brazil is taking off the invisibility problems posed by motherhood in prison. Different discourses sustain or question the permanence of children and their mothers in this environment. Based on values that involve historically defined roles, certain ways of being a mother are valued while others are devalued. To contribute to the debate, this study analyses the effects of the intersection of gender norms and disciplinary relations on maternity experience in prison, identifying controversies in terms of values, highlighting the power relations and the discourses and practices that sustain. Based on the study of literature and legislation we conducted an empirical study in five female prisons of four Brazilian states. Pregnant women and those one whose children were with them in prison (n = 22) and professionals who work in these prisons (n = 19) were interviewed. Also, there were made focus groups with pregnant women and those one whose children were with them in prison (n = 5) and health professionals (n = 3). The scripts of the interviews were defined per the following themes: 1) Maternity perceptions in prison and the role of father and family 2) Perception and care during pregnancy and childbirth; 3) Health care of the child; 4) Perceptions of the environment, standards and social interactions; 5) Experience of separation and referral of children to families and / or institutions. From them all it was made thematic analysis of the collected material. It was found that reproductive health care provided to these women is strongly marked by a medical, prescriptive and reductionist approach. This medicalization of care, when integrated into the disciplinary and punitive order that characterizes social relations in prisons, intensifies gender inequalities and domination relations, violating their reproductive rights. In prison, some institutional mechanisms, in articulation with normative motherhood, promote certain ways of being a mother which are characteristic of this context. In this context, the mechanisms of punishment and reward and manipulation privileges which are proper of the penitentiary system, when integrated with other control practices that women-mothers perform on themselves due to the care and protection of children, increase the control that criminal administration exercises over them. This intensification of control makes these women even more vulnerable, exposing them and their children to psychic and moral sufferings from which they have limited resources to defend themselves. There is an urgent need to apply alternative penal measures to prison for pregnant women and women with children, as envisaged in Brazilian legislation and recommended by the UN (2010). The need to question the logic of expanding criminal intervention as a strategy to control poverty and contested forms of life is highlighted.
Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Tipo do documento: Tese2016-12-15T00:00:00ZAnálise bioética do Processo Transexualizador no Brasil à luz da perspectiva dos Funcionamentos.
http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/7737
Título: Análise bioética do Processo Transexualizador no Brasil à luz da perspectiva dos Funcionamentos.
Autor: Costa, Cristiane Maria Amorim
Primeiro orientador: Corrêa, Marilena Cordeiro Dias Villela
Abstract: This thesis has a study proposal performing a study of public policy in the field of health known as Processo Transexualizador in Brazil, based on a bioethical analysis. It can be assured that the term Process begins to be used, when, in 2008, was promulgated the Ordinance 1707 by the Ministry of Health (Ordinance later updated and still in force, under the number 2803 of 2013). Inserted within the unified health system ((know as SUS, Sistema Único de Saúde), this policy has as pillars the integrality in health and the humanization of attention to the transsexual people. The objectives of the thesis are: identifying the set of considered basic functionings, both in optics of transsexual people and of health professionals. At the same time, in a parallel dialogue, the thesis seeks to collate the contribution from the functionings approach to the Sex Reassignment Process evaluation and vice versa. On the theoretical-conceptual plan, the work is guided by the bioethical principle of justice in health, as worked Sen, Nussbaum, Dias and Ribeiro; authors who approached justice, associating it to which they coined conceptually as basic functionings. At the methodological level, the monographic form of presentation of results values both the primary data collected in interviews (recorded, transcribed and systematized in informatics tool the program NVIVO), as in official documents, and critical reading and discussion of the authors mentioned plus others like Cecilio, Buber, Bento and Arán. With respect to the primary material, the field of study was a university hospital of the city of Rio de Janeiro, which has a Specialized Attention Unit to transsexuals, reference in the SUS. The primary empirical material was collected through semi open interview technique guided by script. The universe of research subjects is composed of ten transsexual women and four health professionals also participating in policy. The results show the need for the establishment, by the Ministry of Health, of evaluative instruments in addition to institutional harassments. It must include, among its topics, the health care network, meeting the health needs and the provision of technology in health, which compromise the integrality of health care and, consequently, the realization of the project of life of transsexual women, for not allowing the flourishing of their basic functionings
Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Tipo do documento: Tese2015-09-09T00:00:00Z