http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/3670 2026-07-10T14:15:05Z http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25425 Título: Avaliação do tratamento de esgotos sanitários quanto à remoção de fósforo em um sistema de wetlands construídos: Ilha Grande-RJ Autor: Andrade, Vinicius Pereira Fugimoto de Primeiro orientador: Salomão, André Luis de Sá Abstract: Decentralized wastewater treatment in isolated locations poses a significant challenge for environmental sanitation. This study examined the decentralized domestic wastewater treatment system, called the Engineered Ecosystem, and installed at CEADS/UERJ, located in Vila Dois Rios, Ilha Grande (RJ). The system was evaluated for the reduction of phosphorus in the effluent, focusing on identifying the physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms responsible for this removal, as well as analyzing the performance of the constructed wetlands (CW) that comprise the second stage of the system. Monitoring was carried out between September 2024 and April 2025, including analyses of phosphate, COD, DO, ORP, and quantification of plant biomass. The results showed high efficiency in organic matter removal, with an average reduction of 78% in COD in conventional treatment (primary and secondary), reaching an overall efficiency of 93% in the second stage (74 mg/L of O2), after tertiary treatment of the CW. Phosphate concentrations averaged 27.5 mg/L in the influent to the system (T1), 24.7 mg/L after conventional treatment (T4), and 9.0 mg/L after the wetland stage (T8), resulting in overall efficiencies varying between 25% and 91%, with higher performance in the spring. The first stage (conventional treatment) showed little significant removal, while the wetlands were responsible for the most significant phosphorus reductions. The mass balance indicated a smaller direct contribution from macrophytes (26%) and from substrate (-0.7%) to phosphorus removal, which was attributed to the long operating period and consequent system saturation. Thus, in this study, a greater contribution was attributed to unidentified processes (74%), such as assimilation by microalgae and retention by physicochemical transformations. The results confirmed the decisive role of the wetlands in reducing phosphorus concentration in the system, although this was subject to fluctuations related to hydraulic retention time, seasonality, and possible substrate saturation. This study contributed to the understanding of phosphorus removal mechanisms in WC systems operated for long periods (> 16 years) for the treatment of domestic wastewater, as well as to the improvement of the Engineered Ecosystem, providing subsidies for the optimization of decentralized sanitation solutions in isolated areas. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2025-12-18T00:00:00Z http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25419 Título: Desafios na proteção de rios urbanos e suas faixas marginais de proteção em Itaguaí-RJ: análise de ocupações consolidadas e comparação de legislações Autor: Rocha, Thais Duarte da Primeiro orientador: Andrade, Rosane Cristina de Abstract: This dissertation examines the challenges of protecting urban rivers and their Marginal Protection Strips (FMPs) in Itaguaí, Rio de Janeiro, focusing on consolidated occupations and the overlapping of federal, state, and municipal legislation. Three urban water bodies — Ponte Preta Canal, Viana Canal, and Sangue Canal — were selected for detailed assessment of land occupation, socio-environmental vulnerabilities, and impacts resulting from irregular land use. The study employed a qualitative case study approach, integrating documentary, spatial (QGIS and HAND model), and regulatory analyses to identify legal inconsistencies and their effects on environmental preservation. Results indicated high levels of occupation within FMPs, lack of integrated planning, and insufficient public policies to balance urban development with water conservation. Legal flexibilizations, particularly at the municipal level, have contributed to the consolidation of uses incompatible with environmental protection. The study recommends harmonizing legislation, implementing adaptive guidelines, and applying nature-based solutions to restore riparian zones and mitigate flood risks, thereby enhancing urban water resilience. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2025-12-01T00:00:00Z http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25417 Título: Rastros na areia: quantificação de óleo residual na praia de Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Autor: Leal, Rodrigo Ferreira Primeiro orientador: Van Elk, Ana Ghislane Henriques Pereira Abstract: Coastal areas hold great global economic importance due to fishing, transportation, and especially tourism activities. Rio de Janeiro is one of the most visited cities in Brazil, with its South Zone—particularly Copacabana Beach—being among the most frequented areas by tourists. Although tourism drives local economic development, it can also cause serious environmental problems, especially on beaches, where tourist concentration is higher. Food scraps, plastics, cigarette butts, and other solid and liquid waste are constantly found in these areas. Among these residues, used cooking oil stands out, as its improper disposal poses a high environmental and human health risk. It is estimated that one liter of improperly discarded oil can pollute more than 25,000 liters of water and harm aquatic fauna and flora. In light of this, the present study aims to develop a methodology to quantify used cooking oil in the sands of Copacabana Beach, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, as well as to evaluate how the beach kiosks manage their used oil. To achieve this, a survey was conducted with the seaside kiosks through a questionnaire addressing their oil management practices. In addition, sand samples were collected at strategic points, and the oil content was quantified using solid-phase extraction and gravimetry. The results indicated that most kiosks dispose of their used oil through outsourced companies. It is estimated that approximately 769 liters of oil are collected per week in total. This practice complies with current municipal regulations and environmental licensing requirements. However, when asked about programs or training sessions promoted by the city government or sanitation companies to guide proper oil disposal, 79% of respondents stated they had never participated in any such initiatives. Moreover, 46% were unaware of the environmental damage caused by improper disposal of this waste. Regarding the presence of oil in the sand samples, the results showed concentrations ranging from 0.50 to 3.83 g/kg in samples collected after the 2024 summer season and from 1.49 to 4.63 g/kg in those collected after the megashow of singer Madonna in May of the same year. Therefore, it can be concluded that proper management of used cooking oil, combined with regular monitoring and enforcement, is essential to ensure the economic, social, and environmental balance of this region. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2025-11-26T00:00:00Z http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25416 Título: Sensoriamento remoto aplicado ao monitoramento da pequena açudagem - Crateús CE Autor: Oliveira, Ricardo Duarte de Primeiro orientador: Silva, Júlio César da Abstract: Monitoring water reservoirs in regions vulnerable to water scarcity has been a topic of social and economic importance, leading various governmental agencies to support tools for monitoring this resource. The National Water Agency (Agência Nacional de Águas - ANA) analyzed the situation of 204 reservoirs in Brazil's semi-arid region, with a total storage capacity of over 31 thousand hm³ (cubic hectometers), or more than 31 million cubic meters of water. This study addresses the monitoring of small reservoirs in the municipality of Crateús, Ceará, using remote sensing and advanced technologies such as LiDAR and satellite imagery. The main objective of this dissertation is to study a workable and durable method for remote monitoring of small reservoirs, generating Area x Volume x Elevation curves and employing orbital data to check the stored bulk. Two survey campaigns were conducted in 2022 and 2023, covering three reservoirs: Convento, Governo, and Palmares. The LiDAR data was processed using DJI Terra software, generating high-density point clouds and Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) with a spatial resolution of 15 cm. The integration of LiDAR data with bathymetry allowed the creation of detailed DTMs, representing both emerged and submerged topography. Using satellite images allows the identification of areas with a higher probability of drought occurrence, aiding decision-making for preventive actions. Images from the CBERS-4A satellite were used to determine the flooded areas of the reservoirs using the NDWI index, which identified water and non-water areas. The hydrological calculations considered the geomorphological characteristics of the contributing basins and different methods to estimate flows and maximum water surface elevations used as the upper limit of the AVE. The Area-Volume-Elevation (AVE) curve was generated from the integration of LiDAR and bathymetric data, allowing the estimation of volumes and areas of the reservoirs at distinct levels. The study proved the effectiveness of integrating LiDAR, bathymetry, and orbital images for reservoir analysis, providing detailed information on flooded areas, morphology, and volumes. Despite the satisfactory results, improvements were suggested, such as reoccupation of reference points, acquisition of verification points, increased temporal sampling, and refinement of processing algorithms. In summary, the work highlights the importance of advanced technologies for monitoring and managing water resources in semi-arid regions, contributing to water security and sustainable development. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2025-05-21T00:00:00Z