http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/3518 Mon, 13 Apr 2026 04:22:33 GMT 2026-04-13T04:22:33Z http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25572 Título: Influência da suplementação de ômega 3 durante a gestação e seu impacto na placenta: revisão integrativa experimental e clínica Autor: Vieira, Cristiane Bastos Leta Primeiro orientador: Thole, Alessandra Alves Abstract: The placenta is a temporary and multifunctional organ, essential for healthy fetal development, acting as a vital metabolic, endocrine, and immunological interface for the exchange of nutrients, gases, and hormones between the mother and the conceptus. Recognizing its vulnerability to stressors, supplementation with omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) emerges as a nutritional strategy to improve maternal-fetal health and, primarily, placental homeostasis. This thesis investigates the influence of omega 3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy and its impact on placental pathophysiology, integrating findings from experimental studies with rodents and clinical trials in humans. The methodology consists of an integrative literature review, based on the framework of Whittemore; Knafl and Kutcher; LeBaron using the PubMed, LILACS, and Cochrane Library databases. The search was guided by the PICO question: Does omega 3 supplementation, compared to the absence of supplementation, promote structural and functional improvements in the placenta? Twenty-four studies were included, of which 16 used animal models and 8 were RCTs. In studies with animal models, omega 3 has consistently demonstrated high efficacy, being associated with the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), a central mechanism that regulates lipid transport (via FATP4 and CD36) and placental bioenergy. Furthermore, omega 3 has been described as a powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant axis, providing pro-resolution mediators (such as resolvins and protectins) and increasing the activity of enzymes such as SOD, GPx, and catalase, essential for maintaining technical integrity and perfusion. In stark contrast, scientific clinical trials in humans have demonstrated evidence of low clinical reliability, marked by high risk of death (RoB2), heterogeneous results, and, critically, failure to confirm that essential molecular targets were achieved in pregnant women, which explains the weakness of the clinical evidence. The study concludes that omega 3 supplementation has the potential to specifically modulate placental biology, as consistently evidenced in experimental models through the optimization of lipid transport and the resolution of inflammation. However, in the clinical trials studied, the current evidence remains inconclusive and does not allow for a universal assertion that supplementation improved placental composition and health. This thesis points to important gaps that need to be investigated so that omega 3 can be used for placental health. The translational divergence reveals that the clinical efficacy of omega 3 depends on overcoming methodological flaws and transitioning to an isolation nutrition paradigm, based on the genetic and metabolic stratification of pregnant women. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Tese Thu, 12 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25572 2026-02-12T00:00:00Z http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25571 Título: Desenvolvimento de um Sistema de Apoio à Telenfermagem na Atenção Domiciliar Autor: Veiga Galdino, Gabriela de Alencar Primeiro orientador: David, Helena Maria Scherlowski Leal Abstract: Home care has become a strategic model of care in response to population ageing, the growing prevalence of chronic conditions and the need for more integrated, longitudinal and effective care models. Despite its expansion, challenges remain, particularly the fragmentation of clinical records, poor standardisation of care documentation and the limited use of digital technologies aligned with the Nursing Process and everyday nursing practice. In this context, telenursing and telehealth stand out as key drivers of digital change in health care, with the potential to improve care quality, expand access, strengthen continuity and support clinical management. This study describes the design and development of the Nursing Care Support System (SACE), a digital solution developed to systematise care, structure clinical records and support clinical and managerial decision-making in home care and telenursing settings. It is an applied, descriptive study with a qualitative approach, conducted within a Professional Master’s programme in Telehealth and Digital Health, focusing on the development of a technological product. SACE was designed based on the Nursing Process, integrating its stages into organised and traceable digital workflows that meet the ethical, legal and clinical requirements of professional practice. The system was built using accessible technologies and includes a web-based interface for data entry and clinical documentation, as well as an analytical dashboard for data visualisation, with potential applications in direct care, clinical management and professional education. Functional testing showed that SACE is technically feasible, usable and well suited to the home care context. The system also demonstrated potential as a tool to support care organisation, ensure continuity and assist decision-making in digitally mediated care environments. By bringing together nursing, digital health, innovation and care management, this study highlights the leading role of nursing in the digital transformation of health systems and its contribution to developing technological solutions grounded in real professional needs. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Dissertação Thu, 12 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25571 2026-02-12T00:00:00Z http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25570 Título: Efeitos da fotobiomodulação por laser infravermelho de baixa potência na indução de danos e de mecanismos de reparo do DNA em Escherichia coli e células de câncer de mama Autor: Ferreira, Ana Caroline da Silva Primeiro orientador: Fonseca, Adenilson de Souza da Abstract: Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a therapeutic technique that utilizes non-ionizing radiation from low-level lasers and LEDs to modulate various biological processes, with effects spanning the molecular, cellular, and systemic levels. PBM has been employed for the treatment of various clinical conditions, including inflammatory processes, wound healing, analgesia, and muscle injuries. Frequently, oncological patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy are afflicted by such clinical conditions. However, the use of PBM in these patients has been considered contraindicated. This caution stems from studies suggesting that PBM may increase cell proliferation, invasion, and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conversely, studies conducted by our group indicate that exposure to low-level lasers does not alter the viability of human breast cancer cells and modulates ROS levels, depending on the applied dosimetry. Therefore, our objective is to investigate the effects of PBM induced by a low-power infrared laser on the induction of DNA damage and repair mechanisms in Escherichia coli and in breast cancer cells. For this purpose, samples of bacterial plasmids and E. coli cultures were exposed to the low-power infrared laser (904 nm; 25 mW/cm², 0,3; 0,7 and 1,1J, 30, 60, and 90s). The electrophoretic profile of plasmids in agarose gels, cell viability, proliferation, and the induction of filamentation in E. coli cultures were evaluated, as well as the mRNA levels of DNA repair genes (xthA, uvrA, and lexA) in these bacterial cells. Human breast cancer cell cultures (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) were exposed to the laser under the same conditions, and cell viability, ROS levels, and the mRNA levels of DNA repair genes (PCNA, POLB, and APTX) were assessed. The results indicated that exposure to the infrared laser does not alter the electrophoretic profile of bacterial plasmids, nor the viability, proliferation, and filamentation of E. coli cells, but increases the mRNA levels of the LexA gene. In the tumor cell cultures, the results indicated that the laser does not alter cell viability and the mRNA levels of DNA repair genes, but reduces ROS levels in MCF-7 cells. Thus, the obtained results contribute to the understanding of the effects of PBM induced by low-power infrared lasers on the induction and repair of DNA damage at different levels of biological complexity. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Dissertação Thu, 08 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25570 2026-01-08T00:00:00Z http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25566 Título: Avaliação da influência da obesidade materna no desenvolvimento de resposta humoral no baço da prole em modelo experimental murino Autor: Durão, César Vieira Primeiro orientador: Silva, Flávia Márcia de Castro e Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The increase in maternal obesity cases has raised significant concern, as it is associated with a higher overall mortality rate and represents a major risk factor for several diseases. During pregnancy, this condition can trigger metabolic changes that influence fetal development, impacting various systems, including the immune system. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of maternal obesity on the development of the humoral immune response in the offspring’s spleen. METHODS: A murine experimental model using BALB/c mice was employed. Females were subjected to a high-fat diet (60% of calories derived from fat) for ten weeks and subsequently mated. Offspring were selected at different ages (1, 3, 7, and 24 days of life) for experimental procedures, in which the spleen and serum were collected for analysis of cell phenotypes by flow cytometry, histology, and detection of antibody isotypes by ELISA. RESULTS: Flow cytometry analyses revealed differences in the frequency of cell groups and in the membrane molecule expression of splenic cells. On the first day of life, an increase in B lymphocytes and a reduction in CD19⁺CD138⁺ plasma cells were observed in offspring from obese mothers compared to the control group. On the seventh day, there was an increase in B lymphocytes and MHCII expression in these cells, along with a reduction in CD19⁺CD138⁺IgG2a⁺ plasma cells and T lymphocytes expressing CXCR5. By the twenty-fourth day of life, B lymphocytes, plasma cells, and T lymphocytes were increased; however, MHCII and PD-L1 expression was reduced in CD19⁺ cell populations. Additionally, histological evaluation showed a greater number of lymphoid follicles and a lower eosinophil count in the offspring of obese mothers. A reduction in serum immunoglobulin isotypes IgM and IgG was detected in these animals, although an increase in IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes was observed in the more developmentally advanced group. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that maternal obesity affects the development of the humoral immune response in the offspring, compromising immune activation. The reduction of T lymphocytes and the low serum levels of IgG and IgM suggest impairments in class switching and immunological memory. These changes may result in a less efficient immune response, potentially leading to more prolonged infections. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Dissertação Sat, 04 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25566 2026-04-04T00:00:00Z