http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/3524 Sat, 11 Jul 2026 11:11:33 GMT 2026-07-11T11:11:33Z http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25590 Título: Efeito metabólico do consumo de óleo de palma interesterificado em camundongos C57BL/6 alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica Autor: Martins, Bruna Cadete Primeiro orientador: Daleprane, Julio Beltrame Abstract: Recent Brazilian legislation has restricted the use of trans fats in foods due to the consistent association between their consumption and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. As a result, the food industry has sought technological alternatives, leading to a significant increase in the use of interesterified palm oil (IPO) as a substitute for trans fats. In parallel, the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) has increased substantially, intensifying population exposure to industrially modified ingredients. However, the health impacts of IPO consumption remain poorly understood. The rising prevalence of obesity has been consistently associated with changes in dietary patterns, characterized by a high intake of UPFs. This dietary pattern is marked by high energy density and elevated levels of fats and simple carbohydrates, resulting in hyperlipidic and hypercaloric diets. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of interesterified palm oil consumption on the metabolism of C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet. Sixty C57BL/6 mice were used and allocated into four groups (n = 15): Control (C), fed a standard AIN-93M diet; High-fat (HF), fed a high- fat diet rich in lard, with 50% of total energy derived from lipids; High-fat palm (HFP), fed a high-fat diet rich in palm oil; and High-fat interesterified palm oil (HFI), fed a high-fat diet rich in interesterified palm oil, both providing 50% of total energy from lipids. The experimental protocol lasted eight weeks. At the end of the experimental period, the HFI group exhibited greater body mass compared to the HF group (+11%, p < 0.05). This unfavorable metabolic profile was corroborated by the intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT), in which the HFI group showed higher values than the HF group (+38%, p < 0.05), as well as by increased serum leptin concentrations (+22%, p < 0.05 vs. HF). In the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the area under the curve (AUC) was significantly higher in the HFP and HFI groups compared to the HF group (+23%, p < 0.05). In addition, serum insulin concentrations were higher in the HFI group compared to the HFP (+13%, p < 0.05) and HF (+25%, p < 0.05) groups. Histological analysis of interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) revealed alterations in cytoarchitecture, with evidence of whitening in all high-fat diet groups, along with reduced immunodensity of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1). Gene expression analysis in iBAT showed reduced expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), PR domain-containing protein 16 (PRDM16), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC- 1α), and UCP-1 in all high-fat diet groups, while the HFP group exhibited increased expression of inflammatory genes, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL- 6). Both the HFP and HFI groups presented hypertrophied adipocytes in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), with increased mean adipocyte cross-sectional area, and all high-fat diet groups showed similarly elevated expression of inflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-6, and interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β]). Additionally, the HFP and HFI groups exhibited hepatic and pancreatic steatosis associated with impaired insulin signaling. In conclusion, although similar metabolic alterations were observed with palm oil and interesterified palm oil consumption, the intake of interesterified palm oil induced more deleterious metabolic effects. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Tese Thu, 29 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25590 2026-01-29T00:00:00Z http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25486 Título: Violência contra criança, práticas parentais de alimentação e o excesso de peso na infância Autor: Paolino, Letícia Quaresma Primeiro orientador: Hasselmann, Maria Helena Abstract: The central aim of this thesis is to investigate the relationship between violence against children, parental feeding practices and childhood overweight. The two manuscripts in this thesis come from a cross-sectional study entitled ‘Family violence, parental feeding styles and practices and childhood overweight’, carried out between 2015 and 2017. This study analysed 180 children aged between 2 and 5 years, seen at the Family Health Clinic in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. In the first manuscript, using multinomial logistic regression models and odds ratios, the associations between violence against children and childhood overweight were analysed. The results showed that psychological violence increased the odds of childhood overweight by 3 times (OR=3,02; 95%CI=1,28 - 7,12; p=0.012) and times the odds of obesity by 5 times (OR=5.53; 95%CI=1,08 - 28,36; p=0.041). Physical violence, on the other hand, increased the odds of obesity risk by 7 times (OR=7,65; 95%CI=1,47 - 39,76; p=0.016). When both forms of violence (psychological and physical) were present, the odds of childhood obesity increased by approximately 7 times (OR=7,19; 95%CI=1,37– 37,67; p=0.020). In the second manuscript, structural equation modelling showed that psychological violence against the child had a direct effect on parental food monitoring practices, with a standardised coefficient of 0.218 (p = 0.045). In addition, these monitoring practices had a direct effect on child overweight, with a standardised coefficient of 0.143 (p = 0.044). The environment in which children live during childhood plays a fundamental role in their nutritional status. The findings of this study which elucidate how childhood overweight can be influenced by psychological and physical violence, as well as parental feeding practices, are of great relevance for the implementation of public health strategies aimed at improve identification, care and prevention of childhood overweight. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Tese Tue, 22 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25486 2024-10-22T00:00:00Z http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25411 Título: Educação Alimentar e Nutricional no âmbito do Programa Saúde na Escola da cidade do Rio de Janeiro: análise de contexto e desenvolvimento de estratégia de implementação da série de materiais educativos para Promoção da Alimentação Adequada e Saudável Autor: Farias, Silvia Cristina Primeiro orientador: Castro, Inês Rugani Ribeiro de Abstract: The implementation of Food and Nutrition Education (FNE) materials based on the dialogue between food and nutrition topics and basic education curricula has not been studied. This study aimed to develop strategy for implementing a series of educational materials focused on the Promotion of Adequate and Healthy Eating (PAHE) within the scope of the Health in School Program (HSP), based on the context of the city of Rio de Janeiro. This is a qualitative study guided by Implementation Science. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to identify barriers and facilitators and support the development of the implementation strategies, and the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) was used to systematize and categorize the strategies. To understand the context of the HSP Carioca, including social representations and perceptions of key stakeholders, the following techniques were employed: Free Word Association Technique with educators from the municipal school system; semi-structured interviews with PSE coordinators; Focus groups were conducted with representatives of the School and Daycare Health Centers (SDHC) and local professionals, as well as an electronic questionnaire administered to SDHC representatives. Evoc 2005® and QSR Nvivo version 14 software were used to analyze and systematize these data, the latter being used to code and categorize the information. A workshop was developed for key HSP stakeholders to raise awareness of PAHE among professionals, present the series of materials, and collectively develop the strategies for its implementation. Detailed workshop steps were included in the "Technical Manual for Implementing the PAHE Series of Materials within the HSP." Both the workshop program and the manual were evaluated by a panel of experts. The content, writing, layout, and slides of the manual, as well as the syllabus, objectives, schedule, and duration of the workshop, were evaluated. The workshop was piloted with representatives from the SDHC and general coordinators of the HSP. The professionals noted a lack of coordination between the HSP sectors (Social Assistance, Education, and Health) and a lack of joint planning. Although they recognized the cross-cutting nature of the FNE, they pointed out practical difficulties in implementing it. Local-level professionals reported feeling unprepared, approaching the topics with little theoretical basis, despite seeing themselves as multipliers in their fields. Motivation, while high, contrasted with gaps in theoretical and practical training, as well as challenges such as lack of time, work overload, and lack of continuing education, factors that favor specific actions over more dialogic and transformative educational practices. During the workshop testing, eight actions were structured, distributed across seven of the nine ERIC categories. Implementation was assessed as relevant and timely. Professionals demonstrated motivation but also reported insecurity regarding conducting FNE actions. The conclusion is that the implementation strategy of the series of materials demonstrates feasibility for application in different regions and the potential to strengthen sustainable FNE practices in the HSP. To achieve this, it is necessary to invest in training processes and in overcoming weaknesses in the implementation of the HSP. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Tese Fri, 17 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25411 2025-10-17T00:00:00Z http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25125 Título: Inter-relação entre os indicadores relacionados ao sono, jet lag social, turno de estudo, atividade física, práticas alimentares e medidas antropométricas em adolescentes no município do Rio de Janeiro Autor: Martins, Raphael Corrêa Primeiro orientador: Curioni, Cintia Chaves Abstract: Sleep, like healthy eating and physical activity, is recognized as essential for well-being in public health guidelines. However, the relationship between chronotype, social jet lag and healthy habits is still poorly understood, especially in adolescence, a crucial phase for establishing lasting habits. The thesis was structured in two articles, with the following objectives: to investigate the influence of chronotype on food practices and explore the interrelationships between chronotype, sleep duration, social jet lag, screen time, physical activity, food practices, and anthropometric measures in adolescents attending morning and afternoon school shifts. This cross-sectional study involved students aged 15 to 19, who completed an online questionnaire covering food practices, sleeping habits, screen time, socioeconomic data, physical activity and anthropometric measurements. Associations between these variables were explored through adjusted logistic regression analyses and structural equation modeling, with six path models in the latter. The first article (n = 734) revealed that morning chronotype adolescents attending morning classes were more likely to have breakfast, compared to evening chronotypes. Both morning and intermediate chronotypes were more likely to have a morning snack and were less likely to consume fast food regularly. In the afternoon shift, morning chronotype was associated with greater chances of having breakfast and consuming beans, vegetables, and fruits. Additionally, the intermediate chronotypes were more likely to have breakfast, have a morning snack, consume vegetables and fruits and less likely to have meals with over 26% of total daily energy intake after dinner. The second article (n = 925) found that, among morning shift students, reduced sleep time was directly associated with higher BMI-for-age, while greater screen time was negatively associated with complete meal practices and physical activity. Among afternoon shift students, a stronger eveningness tendency was linked to lower adherence to complete meal practices and reduced fruit and vegetable intake. Additionally, sleep duration was positively associated with complete meal practices and regular fruit consumption, while greater screen time was associated with unhealthy foods. Physically active adolescents were more likely to consume fruit regularly in both shifts. The findings suggest that food patterns and practices, influenced by chronotype and other variables, are also influenced by the study shift. Poor sleep may directly contribute to overweight. Future longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to further investigate these findings, highlighting the importance of considering both study shift and chronotype in research. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Tese Wed, 09 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25125 2024-10-09T00:00:00Z