http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/3670 Wed, 12 Aug 2026 06:18:38 GMT 2026-08-12T06:18:38Z http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25915 Título: Avaliação da sustentabilidade na coleta seletiva no município do Rio de Janeiro por meio de indicadores Autor: Bonfá, Tatiane Mendes Primeiro orientador: Van Elk, Ana Ghislane Henriques Pereira Abstract: Selective waste collection is a fundamental instrument for the sustainable management of municipal solid waste, contributing to the reduction of environmental impacts, waste valorization, and the socio-economic inclusion of waste pickers. In this context, this dissertation aimed to assess the sustainability of selective waste collection in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro through the application of a structured set of indicators distributed across environmental, institutional, economic, and social dimensions. The methodology was based on the application of 31 sustainability indicators with graded scores, enabling the calculation of the Selective Collection Sustainability Index (SCSI). The index was obtained as the ratio between the total score achieved and the maximum possible score, resulting in an SCSI of 0.61, which is classified as favorable to sustainability according to the criteria adopted in this study, which establish the following ranges: 0 to 0.25 (very unfavorable), 0.26 to 0.50 (unfavorable), 0.51 to 0.75 (favorable), and 0.76 to 1.0 (very favorable). However, the result is not homogeneous across the institutional, environmental, social, and economic dimensions. The disaggregated analysis revealed a better performance in the institutional dimension, as evidenced by the existence of formal planning instruments and administrative organization of the system. In contrast, the environmental, economic, and social dimensions showed limitations related to the efficiency of material recovery, financial sustainability, and the productive inclusion of waste pickers in the local recycling chain, highlighting structural challenges within their cooperatives and associations. These results indicate that, although consolidated structural foundations are in place, operational effectiveness and social participation still pose challenges for the improvement of selective waste collection. The contextualization with studies conducted in other Brazilian municipalities, including experiences from the Southern Region, demonstrated that higher levels of sustainability are associated with institutional stability, integration between public authorities and waste picker cooperatives, and the continuity of public policies. Thus, the municipality of Rio de Janeiro is situated at an intermediate stage of consolidating selective collection sustainability, with relevant institutional advances but still dependent on improvements in the social and operational dimensions. It is concluded that the use of sustainability indicators constitutes an effective tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of selective waste collection, contributing to the identification of management priorities and the strengthening of public policies aimed at urban sustainability. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Dissertação Wed, 27 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25915 2026-05-27T00:00:00Z http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25913 Título: Alternativas para a melhoria da eficiência dos sistemas de esgotamento sanitário e da qualidade da água bruta do Sistema Guandu Autor: Tepedino, Skarlat Reynnely Alves Primeiro orientador: Obraczka, Marcelo Abstract: The State of Rio de Janeiro faces a critical situation regarding the quality of its water bodies, especially in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region (RJMR), where a large proportion of rivers present Water Quality Indexes (WQI) classified between “Poor” and “Very Poor.” This scenario is directly related to the discharge of untreated sewage, aggravated by the low efficiency of existing collection and treatment systems. Although several Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) have been implemented over recent decades, many operate below their installed capacity due to deficiencies in sewer networks, low household connection rates, and irregularities in the separate sewer system, such as illegal stormwater connections and infiltration into sewer pipes. Consequently, a significant portion of the generated sewage continues to be discharged untreated into water bodies, compromising water quality and favoring eutrophication processes, as occurred during the 2020 water crisis in the Guandu System. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate sanitation alternatives suitable for the current reality of the Guandu System, seeking to increase the efficiency of wastewater systems and improve raw water quality. For this purpose, mathematical modeling of water quality was carried out in the Piraí River basin, an important tributary of the Paraíba do Sul River and part of the hydraulic complex responsible for supplying the MRRJ. The modeling was developed using the QUAL-UFMG model, widely applied in self-purification and water resources planning studies, considering different intervention scenarios associated with wastewater systems. Three distinct scenarios were evaluated: Scenario 1, corresponding to the current condition, characterized by deficiencies in sewage collection and treatment; Scenario 2, based on the adoption of activated sludge systems and stricter discharge standards established by Rio de Janeiro State legislation (CONEMA Resolution No. 90/2021); and Scenario 3, associated with the use of UASB reactors under less restrictive discharge standards established at the national level by CONAMA Resolution No. 430/2011. The results showed that Scenario 1 presented the most critical conditions for most of the analyzed parameters, reflecting high concentrations of organic matter, nutrients, and thermotolerant coliforms, in addition to lower dissolved oxygen concentrations. On the other hand, Scenario 2 presented the best overall results, demonstrating greater efficiency in BOD removal and improved dissolved oxygen levels. However, the results obtained for Scenario 3 were, in many cases, quite similar to those of Scenario 2, especially for BOD, dissolved oxygen, and ammoniacal nitrogen, indicating a strong influence of natural self-purification processes and the river’s dilution capacity. Among the analyzed parameters, total phosphorus exhibited the most critical behavior, remaining above the limits established for more restrictive water quality classes in all simulated scenarios. This result demonstrates that conventional treatment processes are not sufficient to significantly remove this nutrient, highlighting the need for specific tertiary treatment stages and the control of diffuse pollution sources. The results obtained allowed the conclusion that improving water quality does not depend exclusively on the adoption of more advanced treatment technologies, but also on expanding sewage collection coverage and increasing the operational efficiency of existing systems. In this regard, less complex and more economically viable solutions, such as UASB reactors, stabilization ponds, constructed wetlands, and dry weather intakes, may represent suitable alternatives, particularly for small and medium-sized municipalities. Thus, the study highlights the importance of integrated sanitation strategies capable of balancing investments in collection and treatment, contributing to the improvement of water body quality and to the water security of the Guandu System. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Dissertação Mon, 27 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25913 2026-04-27T00:00:00Z http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25909 Título: Dimensões legais e ambientais sobre o reúso de água na indústria: análise técnica e a situação no Brasil Autor: Ferreira, Patrícia Esteves Primeiro orientador: Ottoni, Adacto Benedicto Abstract: The increasing scarcity of water resources, combined with growing industrial demand, has intensified the search for sustainable water management practices, among which industrial water reuse stands out as a strategic alternative. This study presents a technical analysis of the legal and environmental dimensions of water reuse in the Brazilian industrial sector, with emphasis on the current regulatory framework and its practical implications. The adopted methodology is hybrid in nature, integrating a literature review and documentary analysis of legislation, technical standards, and public policies with a case study conducted at the Water Treatment and Reuse Plant of the Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello Research Center (CENPES), Petrobras’ research and development center, enabling the integration of theoretical foundations and empirical evidence. The analysis indicates the presence of regulatory fragmentation and the need for greater articulation of the national legal framework. Although water reuse provides relevant environmental benefits—such as reducing raw water abstraction and effluent generation—technical and legal barriers still limit its expansion across different industrial scales. As a contribution, this study proposes a draft legal provision aimed at improving environmental licensing, particularly at the preliminary license stage, by incorporating feasibility assessments of water reuse from the early phases of project design. Additionally, a water savings calculator is developed as an applied product to support decision-making and to demonstrate the environmental and economic benefits of water reuse, in alignment with the triple bottom line. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Dissertação Wed, 11 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25909 2026-03-11T00:00:00Z http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25899 Título: Uso da lógica fuzzy e sensoriamento remoto na determinação do estado trófico de reservatórios Autor: Carvalho, Ebenézer de Paula Primeiro orientador: Von Muhlen, Carin Abstract: The global escalation of freshwater eutrophication, driven by anthropogenic nutrient loading and climate change, poses a critical threat to water security due to the proliferation of toxic cyanobac-terial blooms. Historically, mitigating this environmental risk has been severely hampered by reliance on sparse in situ sampling and rigid deterministic models that consistently fail to capture non-linear, continuous ecological transitions. To overcome this methodological gap, this study integrates high-resolution orbital remote sensing and stochastic modeling based on Fuzzy Logic to classify the trophic state of tropical reservoirs. We validated the Normalized Difference Chlorophyll Index (NDCI)—processed via Google Earth Engine using Sentinel-2 multispectral data—as a robust predictor of algal biomass against the comprehensive historical dataset of the Billings Reservoir (CETESB/SP). As a practical application, we developed Synapsis, an innova-tive, cloud-based predictive system focused on the complex ecosystem of the Funil Reservoir (RJ, Brazil). The platform seamlessly merges physicochemical variables with spectral indicators, revealing that trophic deterioration in this waterbody distinctly peaks during the dry season, an effect exacerbated by volumetric reductions tied to dam outflow operations. Our results demonstrate that Fuzzy Logic assimilates inherent biological uncertainties with substantially greater efficacy than classical bivalent indices. Crucially, we conclude that transitioning towards more sophisticated Artificial Intelligence predictive models urgently demands the advancement of public policies focused on open, high-frequency limnological data. Ultimately, this research provides a scalable, early-warning analytical architecture essential for safeguarding strategic water resources. Instituição: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Tipo do documento: Dissertação Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/25899 2026-03-31T00:00:00Z