A Lei de Cotas sob a Perspectiva dos Estudantes de Ensino Médio de uma Escola Pública no Acre

Abstract

The University Quotas in Brazil are a recent reality. A sensitive issue throughout the world, is among the affirmative actions that lead to social equity. This thesis has as object of study the University Quotas in Brazil, specifically it is interested in studying the Law no. 12.711 / 2012 (Law of Quotas) and its application regarding the 50% of the placements of Federal Universities, that are exclusively intended for high school students from Public Schools. Two types of research were conducted as methodology: the first, a bibliographical research that reviews the literature of 121 scientific papers that deal with the subject; the second is a qualitative research of an ethnographic nature. The bibliographic research analyzes the possibilities and limitations of researches carried about Quotas in order to draw a profile of how the theme is treated in the literature. Among the analyzes, it is shown that the Racial Quota is the most discussed in these articles and the one that causes more controversy, while it is unanimous the understanding that the Quotas for the Disabled and the Social Quotas are fair and must be practiced not only for education matters but in other contexts. The second research had as main objective to understand the perspectives on the quotas among 222 students of the High School of a Public School in the city of Rio Branco in the State of Acre, and also to study how was the transition of these students, legatees of the Law of Quotas, from High School to the Federal University. In this research, it is inferred that most of these students had little or no knowledge about the Quotas Law and despite the researcher's efforts to demonstrate to them the content of the Law text, of the total number of students involved in the research, only 33 continuities to study at the Federal University. The thesis is composed of four chapters: the first is about the methodology and intents to trace the pathway to develop the two researches; the second deals with the major theme of the thesis, 'exclusion in Brazil'. In this last one mentioned, a history of how the Law of Quotas in 2012 was established; the third critically analyzes the scientific production of the period between 2000 and 2018 on the theme of University Quotas discussing the Quotas Law and placements exclusively intended for high school students graduated from the Public School; the fourth and last chapter presents the result of ethnographic research. In the last chapter, is highlighted the use of an open-end questionnaire from the beginning of the field research to register the students profile and to provide a systemic record about their intention in attending the Federal Public University competing for quotas