Estudo etnográfico das percepções de alunos da Educação Básica sobre a TV

Abstract

The object of this thesis is the study of the perception of Basic Education students over television media. The students were selected from the high school and the second segment of elementary school of an Integrated Center of Public Education (CIEP) of the city of Cachoeiras de Macacu in Rio de Janeiro State. The research was guided by the ethnographic approach for the data collection, analysis and report. The participant observation, interviews, focus groups and case studies, video and were the main research tools employed. The data was processed by the content analysis inductive method, and for these analyses were considered mainly the participants own opinion as source of meaning and interpretation of the object of study. The initial theoretical assumption was based on the existence of an apparent dichotomy between the public schools and the contemporary world regarding the use of technologies such as the TV. From this assumption, effort was made to understand and explain, through dialectics, the ways in which the students use the TV and its potential for sociocultural and educational inclusion or exclusion. The thesis attempted to confirm was: given the sociocultural and educational vulnerability in which the research participants students are found, and the content nature of the message they receive from TV, their overexposure to this media vehicle, can the TV contribute to maintain or amplify the social vulnerability and the social inequality of these students, and thus enhance the exclusion situation in which they live in, as well as of other subjects from different social segments of the Brazilian society. To explore this argument attempt was made to highlight the presence or absence of critical consciousness and reflexiveness of the students to the messages they receive from TV. The dialectical movement demonstrated the following directions: the maintenance of vulnerability - which may lead to disaffiliation; or the possibility of development of critical consciousness and reflexiveness of the students to the TV, which may facilitate their social integration and affiliation. Summarizing, being the TV the type of media mostly used by the students and their families as information acquisition device, it has great potential to be explored by the school as a tool that may contribute on the edification of it s students knowledge baggage. Enclosing, it concludes that the school must emphasize the dialectical importance between the media and the contexts of experiences its students, once such media may provide the students a different insight. The critical and reflexive perceptions over the TV contents and the different media languages offer learning opportunities and better understanding of the world, providing the students more opportunities to leave the vulnerability zone in which they are currently inserted