Políticas Públicas de Educação Infantil no município de Duque de Caxias RJ : de 2007 a 2017

Abstract

This dissertation is part of the research group named Childhood Studies Center: Research and Extension (NEI:P&E) , coordinated by Vera Maria Ramos de Vasconcellos (PhD), which configures a research that is inserted in a set of studies about Childhood, Youth and Education, inside of the Post-graduation Program in Education of the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (ProPEd/UERJ). It s goal is to investigate the Preschool Education s Public Policies of the town of Duque de Caxias-RJ, in the interval between 2007 and 2017. The research, in a quanti-qualitative line, approaches the dynamics of production of educational policies operating with the analytical referent of public policies cycle proposed by British Stephen Ball and collaborators. This approach contributes to the understanding of the public policy as a complex and multifaceted process of decisions making, that occurs in any level or structure. This process embraces actions and answers of the State in relation to the society demands and the position of the several involved actors. The definition of the object of study considers the international, national and local influence levels and of texts production that are brought forward at the cycle, with central importance in the process of decisions making in those arenas that reverberate in the municipal Preschool Education Public Policies of Childhood Education (PPEI) of the investigated town. The study is guided by the following questions: a) Was there the planning and the expansion of vacancies for the municipal public Preschool Education in Duque de Caxias-RJ, between 2007 and 2017? b) Was there a physical enlargement of the municipal public education system, with the creation of spaces that are proper of the Preschool Education? c) Were observed changes in the municipal Preschool Education politics after the promulgation of the Constitutional Amendment number 59/2009 and the implementation of the Law 12.796/2013? The bibliographic and documental researches were the predominant methodological procedures in the production of the data, that were necessary for the composition of the analysis material. In a complementary way, there has been visits to different sectors of the Municipal Education Secretariat of Duque de Caxias-RJ, in the attempt of gathering documents and information, as well as making interviews. As a result: the municipal Preschool Education went through a big process of expansion from 2007 to 2017; During these ten years, the enrollment growth tax in daycare centers achieved 173% and, at the preschools, 111%; the number of institutes of preschool education increased, achieving the amount of 153 in 2017; since 2007, were inaugurated 16 daycare centers and 52 schools of the municipal administration started to offer preschool enrollment; Even growing in quantity, the municipal education system concentrates only 50% of the daycare centers and preschools enrollments, sharing this task with the private sphere (particular, contracted and philanthropic entities); after 2013, the municipal public politics prioritize the expansion of the preschool, in detriment of the daycare center. The research aimed to conclude that, if the public Preschool Education coverage gaps are not filled by the municipal public administration. The responsibility continues to be parted with other spheres, beyond the particular, philanthropic and contracted entities institutions. Based on the problems developed, it is pointed out that a very important conclusion of the research is there is the real risk of lost of quality of the education service to little children at alternative and assistentialist-natured spaces an assistentialist nature, especially, to the group s age - zero to three years old