Os operários da fé e a divulgação da ordem religiosa: o projeto de educação católica em O Apostolo (1866-1882)

Abstract

This work has as its theme the representations on Catholic education present in the editorials of O Apostolo, between the years of 1866 and 1882. Defined by historiography as the main Catholic periodical of the XIX century, under ultramontane bias, established as editorial line the strengthening of the papacy and of Catholicism among Brazilians, the fight against regalism and the liberal project of state secularization. Praised by Pope Pius IX (1846-1878) as a weapon of the Church against his "enemies," this journal traced the formative foundations of Christian civilization, among which I highlight the role of education in this process. In view of this, it was established as a general objective of this work to investigate, in the periodical in question, the proposal of Catholic education defended for Brazilian of the end of century XIX. The research exercise included the characterization of the creation of the newspaper O Apostolo in the period defined in this study as the first phase, with its founder and main editor, Monsignor José Gonçalves Ferreira; and the study of the approaches to Catholic education developed in the editorials of the newspaper O Apostolo as representations of education belonging to the intellectual group to which Monsignor belonged. This is a qualitative, historical-documentary research in the field of the History of Education, supported by Roger Chartier's concepts of representation and practices and the research methodology developed "through print", which is addressed by Tania Regina de Luca, a the journal in question is the source and also the object of this work. Based on pertinent references and source treatment, it was possible to conclude that there is in the editorials a proposal for Catholic educational training whose agents - mother / family, teachers / school and parish priests / schools and denominational colleges - are handled in constant dialogue with political circumstances and social demands. All this was developed in a newspaper editorial which, in addition to the appearance of the spokesperson of the Catholic Church and its representativeness demarcated by the figure of the monsignor, was the scene of approximations and distances, alliances and ruptures within the ultramontane movement in the Court