Noções para persuadir e educar: os discursos médico-higiênicos na formação e ofício do professorado primário (1914-1928)

Abstract

The hygienical project, with effects that has felt in nineteenth century, went through the first decades of 1900 s proposing interventions increasingly incisives on Brazilian population, but guided by principle hygienic education. The pretext which it was necessary to raise awareness and educate the population hygienically instead of impose only the obedience to legislative measures , became the primary school one of the principals aims of initiatives in behalf of the formation of healthy habits. This perception about the primary school required the teacher s preparation to deal with these challenges. The purpose of this dissertation is reflecting about the interference of hygienical discourses and knowledge in training and labor of primary teachers. For this purpose, we take as principal sources Hygiene textbooks, for training school, and syllabuses produced to guide the teaching in Escola Normal do Distrito Federal. Considering that this didactic and pedagogical device, composed of textbooks and Hygiene discipline, maintained a strong connection with what was spreaded about the primary teachers concerning his role in hygiene campaign the exams of speeches at medicals and educational conferences also was part of this study. These speeches have assisted us to notice the rhetoric that has requested the expansion of the role of primary teacher, in the context of the first decades of the twentieth century, propelling a hypothetic adequacy of the training plan for teachers for exigencies of public health. Furthermore, the initiatives directed to improvement of primary teachers, outside training school, also expressed themselves as discourses of these new attributions: we speak about courses of improvement in Hygiene, promoted by different institutions. It was necessary to discipline the childhood, raise new habits. Therefore, the primary teachers were summoned to constitute right arm of the hygienists.