Estimulando a consciência fonológica em jovens com deficiência intelectual

Abstract

The development of phonological awareness stands out when the process of acquisition of reading and writing for young people with learning disability is discussed. Distinguishing the sounds of words, understanding and handling the syllables seems to favor the capacity of reading and writing any word. The study presented has the main objective to verify the effects of a learning program that favors the development of the phonological awareness. This learning program was created based on studies and activities experimented by Capovilla and Capovilla (2000), Valério (1998), Moussatché (2002), Nunes (2009), among other authors. The subjects involved in this research are divided between the pilot group and study number 1 group. The pilot is formed by two young people with learning disability that attended regular school and that demonstrated difficulties in reading and writing. One of the subjects was beginning the literacy process and the other had already been through it. The study one group began this work in 2013, it was formed by four young people with learning disabilities who were in literacy process and attended a special school. The analysis of the tests for Phonological Awareness Proof (Prova de Conciência Fonológica) proposed by Capovilla and Capovilla (2002) showed that the subjects of the pilot study group demonstrated good results for the first testing batch in chores like alliteration, rhyming and also demonstrated difficulties in segmentation parts, synthesis and phonemics handling. With the second testing batch, obtained after the implementation of a program favoring the development of phonological awareness, it was possible to observe the improvement of these abilities. In study number one group it was possible to observe with the first results that the students demonstrated difficulties with activities that involved actions such as adding, subtracting and phonemic transposition and a better performance in activities involving rhyming and alliteration. From the group of four students that took part of the reading tests (words and pseudowords), it was possible to observe greater difficulty to perform the reading of the pseudowords. In a late test, applied after the intervention phase, it was possible to observe that in matters of rhyming, adding and subtracting syllables, adding and subtracting phonemes and syllables transposition, the subjects demonstrated an increase of percentage of getting the activities done correctly. In the activities of alliteration, phonemic transposition and wordplay, the subjects kept the results or presented a decrease of percentage in getting the activities done correctly. In reading tests of words and pseudowords, the subjects did not demonstrate increase in the percentage of correct reading, with the exception of Ana Clara, that demonstrated a small increase in her personal results. Concerning comprehension of reading, they demonstrated little alteration in the results, but it is not possible to link this improvement to the performance of phonological awareness tests. For the assessment of words and pseudowords dictation activity, the students demonstrated and increase on their personal results