Gestão Ambiental apoiada por SIG na estrada da Colônia, Ilha Grande (RJ): uma visão do futuro.

Abstract

GIS - Geographic Information Systems - have been increasingly studied as tools that facilitate analysis of territorial order to subsidize environmental management. The Big Island, which belongs to the municipality of Angra dos Reis, located in the Bay of Ilha Grande in the southern state of Rio de Janeiro and constitutes the spatial area of analysis. Presents a complex dynamic environment that overlap mainly the uses of environmental protection and tourism activity in a portion of the territory in which legal norms are difficult to apply because they are reflections of interests manifested in three spheres of power - the municipal the state and federal levels. The main objective of this research is the realization of digital image processing to assist territorial management of the Big Island. Focus on the road Abraham - Two Rivers, linking Abraham (landing place for tourists, the main core of the Island) at Two Rivers (site visits by students and researchers, the core that housed the prison currently houses the headquarters of the research center museum and the State University of Rio de Janeiro), both protected by different categories of conservation units. The methodology is based on digital image processing via supervised classification and segmentation by pixel and region. The process occurred from the segmentation (division of a digital image into multiple regions or objects to simplify and / or change the representation of an image) and the image classification process, using pixel classification by classification, and By regions (using the algorithm Bhattacharya). The segmentations and classifications were processed in the computer system SPRING version 5.1.7 and aim to assist in analyzing the usage scenarios and design earth from the identification of the focal points of weakness found along the road Abraham-Two Rivers, prone to occurrences mass movements and to potentiate the effect of forest edge and environmental impacts. The methodology used was based on field analysis and comparisons of technologies for image classification. This road axis connecting the two cores have significant importance in the history of the island, it circulating vehicles, light and heavy, service, pedestrians and tourists. As a result of this the maps were generated by pixel classification, the classification by region maps, map of the intersection with fuzzy supervised classification maps by region and maps with the locations where they are collected in the field verified occurrence of mass movements in ALOS, 2000, IKONOS, 2003 and orthophotos, 2006. These maps seek to serve to support decision-making by local bodies responsible.