Avaliação do código florestal brasileiro no uso do solo e na recuperação dos níveis de escoamento básico em microbacias rurais: estudo de caso da microbacia dos rios Santa Maria e Cambiocó

Abstract

The current water crisis that affects the entire southeastern Brazil demonstrates the emergence of planning and efficiently manage water resources, think the watershed systematically is extremely important so that extreme weather events are minimized. In the Northwest region of the state of Rio de Janeiro the problems related to water scarcity, are repeated year after year, often compromising supplies to residents and agricultural activities, economic base of the region. Mapping of Land Use and the investigation of the impact of environmental legislation to APP (Environmental Protection Areas), the basic flow of the watershed of Santa Maria and Cambiocó is the focus of this dissertation. Representative experimental watershed of Santa Maria and Cambiocó, located in São José de Ubá, has been investigated by several researchers over the years, which provided a valuable database with flow data, rainfall and semi-detailed survey of soils these data were extremely important as the hydrological model SWAT inputs, as the model had been calibrated in previous research to the study area, this work can proceed in land use mapping and in simulations of different usage scenarios soil, and in scenario 1 used the restitution of the land use of the watershed based on orthophoto scale of 1: 25,000, and in scenario 2 included the use of database and land cover, areas of APP's watershed, this possible to compare the model output data in two scenarios. As the quality of the model output data, this was considered very good or good according to the statistical indicators R², NSE, and PBIAS Person, this showed the following values respectively 0.65, 0.64, 6.75 and 0.80. The results show that the areas of APP are of great importance for the recovery and protection of water resources, demonstrating an increase in base flow over the years and decrease the load on the rivers in rain peaks, which confirms the importance of protect areas of APP and create measures to support farmers in the region to recover these areas as important for the maintenance and protection of water resources.