Avaliação ambiental através da utilização do fitoplâncton. Estudo de caso: Ilha Guaíba Mangaratiba RJ.

Abstract

The surrounding region of Guaíba Island is a tropical coastal system which receives oceanic waters. Such waters come mainly from the Brazil Current and from coastal waters which are predominantly found throughout the coast of the south-east region of Brazil. The present academic work pointed the possibility of finding species indicating natural or antropic or antropogenic impacts in the region. The general objective of this work was to identify biological indicators of possible antropic and or environmental alterations. The specific objectives of this work is to present the qualitative and quantitative phytoplanktonic relation between spatial and seasonal variation in two tidal situations as well as to demonstrate the phytoplanktonic structure of a monitoring program conducted by the called: Centro de Tecnologia Ambiental da FIRJAN (CTA) (FIRJAN Environmental Technology Center) on behalf of Minerações Brasileiras Reunidas (United Brazilian Mining). Moreover, nine sample-collection spots, which were established as being under influence of the local island maritime terminal, they had their characteristics individually taken into consideration. In order to study the phytoplankton samples qualitatively and quantitatively, 200 ml of sea water was collected from collection spots 7 and 9 at low and high tides by using a Van Dorn bottle. Furthermore, 50μm net castings and pullings were conducted at the nine collection spots in four particular seasonal periods. As a result, 176 taxonomic units demonstrating enormous niches offer were found. In addition, the most outstanding species found among all net samples was: Coscinodiscus cf. centralis. The seasonality was observed by using a cluster analysis both in the net samples and in the bottle samples. No species records indicated antropic alterations and did not reveal any eutrophication conditions. Moreover, different water-mass indicator species were found as well as other potentially harmful ones. The biotic and abiotic results demonstrated that the area under influence of the local water transportation terminal was legally correct according to current and valid environmental laws. Furthermore, in order to achieve the establishment of sustainable development, it is of the utmost importance that standardized and multi-interdisciplinary methods are adopted to enable researchers to compare and follow processes and effects of biodiversity maintenance.