Contribuições para a construção de políticas públicas direcionadas à redução do lixo marinho em enseadas urbanas: estudo de caso na microbacia contribuinte do Canal de São Francisco e da Enseada de Jurujuba Niterói/ RJ.

Abstract

Supposedly inexhaustible source of wealth, the oceans and coastal zones have long serve as a deposit for all types of waste produced by man, from wastewater to all types of solid waste disposed improperly, which eventually lead marine debris. Guanabara Bay is a historical result of these actions mismanaged on land and end up reflected in its water mirror. This study seeks to make an analysis of the origins of marine debris in Jurujuba Inlet, located in Guanabara Bay, and its main drainage channel, the Canal de São Francisco (CSF), with emphasis on waste disposal in communities located upstream channel. It also presents a review of the experience from intervention and prevention projects for the generation of marine debris, especially a project to collect floating debris with the use of a specific vessel, and the initiative by the Municipality of Niterói in a Project of Integrated Waste Management above of the tributary basin of the CSF. The work was structured through field observations, interviews, review of project reports involved, as well as consultation to websites and blogs related to the subject. The fact that solid waste ending in a water body makes its removal and proper disposal much more complicated than on land, showing the complexity of marine debris. The results point to the need for more studies in suburban areas, which cover the majority of the population, with the integration of public policies for action planning for river basins or watersheds and in order to prevent the generation of marine debris and to improve the quality of life of these populations .