Análise socioambiental das sub-bacias do Rio Morto e do Rio Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, a partir de indicadores ambientais e da percepção da comunidade do entorno.

Abstract

This paper addresses two subwatersheds in the city of Rio de Janeiro through the presentation of environmental indicators and the perception of its residents. It is noteworthy that the interaction / use of resources in the urban environment in a city of high population density suffers consequences of the pattern of occupation of the territory. The two subwatersheds analyzed here, the Morto river and the Maracanã river, represent, respectively, peri-urban and urban watersheds. As environmental indicators are presented secondary data, mostly from government agencies, as IBGE and INEA. The perception of residents is represented by answers to 210 questionnaires applied in the subwatersheds areas. The main results are presented in thematic maps. The indicators and the perception of residents shows that the sanitation services represents a key role in the conditions of rivers. Small areas with less sewage coverage in the subwatersheds results in deterioration of water quality, even the general sewage collection presents high percentage. The problem of occurrence of floods is noteworthy through the questionnaires. The garbage collection close to 100% in the subwatersheds represents a positive result. A PEIR matrix (pressure-state-impact-response) condensed the information obtained by the indicators and noteworthy associated factors. The highlight of to the Morto River subwatershed was the lowest access to water supply and sewage system. To the Maracana River subwatershed the highlight was the degradation of water quality, represented by low oxygen concentrations. Areas with higher population density represented the main pressure on the subwatershed.