Dimensionamento e parametrização de serviços para implantação de estações de tratamento de esgotos para municípios de pequeno porte

Abstract

According to data published by the National Sanitation Information System - SNIS of 2015, Brazil has low rates of collection and treatment of sewage, and has made little progress towards reversing them, even with the advent of the Growth Acceleration Program (PAC). In small municipalities, the problem of lack of sanitation is more evident, due to the lack of technical capacity and investments that these municipalities have. In this sense, several solutions aimed at serving underdeveloped regions, related not only to adequate technologies, but also to the costs of implementation, operation and maintenance of sewage treatment plants have been studied and developed. However, constant economic variations hamper the accuracy of the presentation of estimated costs for the elaboration of a sewage treatment system. Thus, the purpose of the present work was to parameterize the estimated quantities of the main services and equipment required for the construction of TSEs that technically and economically serve small Brazilian municipalities. This estimation was carried out through a population survey with IBGE and SNIS, where it was verified that a little more than 88% of the Brazilian municipalities are inserted in the population ranges from 5 thousand to 50 thousand inhabitants, and subsequent scaling of six station systems of treatment of sewage that serve the municipalities in these population ranges. This estimation resulted in the quantities of services and equipment needed to construct the units for the proposed systems, the most significant of which are structures for UASB reactor systems and the earth moving and waterproofing systems for pond systems. Through the quantities collected, it is possible to use them as parameters for cost estimation in preliminary studies, according to the values practiced in the region in which the treatment system is to be constructed, according to NBR 9648 (1986).