O sistema hídrico da comunidade Fazenda situada no maciço da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ

Abstract

In the Alto da Boa Vista neighbourhood, North zone of Rio de Janeiro-RJ, the community called Fazenda is near to an important environmental conservation unit, the Tijuca National Park (PARNA-Tijuca). The tension between the boundaries of the forest and the city is observed in this space, whose challenge indicates the balance between the development and the preservation of spaces in the region. In a critical scenario of water scarcity, highlighted by the water shortages in recent years in many regions of Brazil, the Fazenda community has a large water network due to its preserved Atlantic Forest location, although it is contextualized in a large metropolis. This dissertation aims to evaluate aspects of water resource management in the Fazenda community, with a socio-environmental focus. The methodology consists of exploratory and descriptive research, with a qualitative and quantitative approach of a sample population of 83 households, whose analysis reveals indicators related to environmental sanitation, but mainly on water resources. Through direct interviews, via a structured questionnaire with a total of 49 questions, it was possible to obtain the results. In the data analysis, descriptive statistics were used to describe and summarize the data set. The results indicate a participative management in the use of water, especially in the system of abstraction, storage and distribution of water, carried out by the community residents themselves and, therefore, Interference in the management of the use of water resources. It is concluded that the local initiative in the management of water use, in an autonomous and decentralized way, besides the impacts of the punctual pollution, it has caused losses in the distribution of water through the existing supply system.