Evidências do cuidado de enfermagem para o conforto/bem-estar dos clientes com dermatoses imunobolhosas: ensaio clínico

Abstract

The contact with people affected by immunobullous dermatoses (ID) is stunning due to the evident suffering caused by the discomfort/poor welfare, as well as the commitment of the self-image. That is a group of chronic diseases, whose primary and fundamental manifestation consists in the development of blisters and, less frequently, vesicles in the skin and/or mucosae. The challenge of taking care of these clients is justified by the deforming and uncomfortable nature, as well as its complexity and vulnerability to complications, including infections and infestations, mainly in hospital environment, a fact that is worsened by the immunosuppressive drugs used in its treatment. In this context, the need to increase the nursing care becomes evident, without failing to observe the prescriptions by the other healthcare professionals, with a view to meeting the needs of these clients and fulfilling these needs in all of their dimensions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to propose a Nursing Care Technology for the Client with immunobullous dermatoses (TCECDI) that acknowledges comfort/welfare standards of the inpatient before and after its application. The constraint of working with inaccurate data such as the subjectivity of comfort/welfare, and with a group of diseases that affect people in an uncommon manner, has sparked the interest by the fuzzy logic, a theory that helps understand the concepts that extrapolate the barriers of formal logic, thus enabling the establishment of different degrees of pertinence of the attributes deemed relevant, representing a tool that may collect subjective data and convert them into pertinence values. The attributes established to assess the comfort in the three moments were: pain, mobility, sleep pattern, exposure of the body and the injuries, knowledge on the disease and self-care. That is a quasi-experimental, interinstitutional study, carried out from June 2012 to April 2013, in inpatient units specialized in dermatology located in the states of Rio de Janeiro and Mato Grosso do Sul. The alternative design for the clinical trial used was intended to a single non-randomized group of the time-series type. The calculations were made before (T0), 24 hours later (T1) and one week later (T2) receiving the intervention. As there is no control group, each subject was regarded as his/her own control group. Based on the classifications derived from fuzzy logic, in the definition of comfort and in the three technical senses define by Kolcaba: relief, ease and transcendence, we observed a significant reduction in the discomfort pattern. Therefore, we may affirm that the implementation of the TCECDI interfered, in a explicit and positive manner, on the comfort needs of the study subjects. By favoring the autonomy of the nurse and his/her specific knowledge, this research contributed to nursing as a profession, filling gaps in the field of knowledge, enabling qualified training, as well as stimulating, among the healthcare professionals, the reflection, understanding and development of further research on the healthcare practice, mainly in dermatology.