Os discursos da promoção do cuidado materno na unidade neonatal: as práticas dos profissionais de enfermagem

Abstract

Maternal care to premature infants in the neonatal unit has undergone major changes over the history of Neonatology. In the face of the premature baby is essential that the mother has support to find his son in order to identify the skills, competencies and baby responses in interactions with the environment. This support can be offered through the promotion of maternal care. The stimulus to maternal care early on influences positively in strengthening bonding and consequent acceptance and maternal responsibility for the life of their premature son. Study object: the promotion of maternal care of premature children during hospitalization at the hospital. The objectives were: a) Describe the discursive and social practices of the nursing staff in the promotion of maternal care of premature children in the Neonatal Unit; b) To analyze the discourse of the nursing staff in the promotion of maternal care of premature children in the Neonatal Unit; c) To discuss the promotion of maternal care of premature children in the Neonatal Unit by the nursing staff from the perspective of problem-based education in health. Was elected Flairclough (2001) as a theoretical-methodological support and Freire (2013b) as a theoretical-philosophical support of this study. A qualitative and exploratory study, developed through semi-structured interviews with 15 professionals of the nursing team who worked in the care of premature babies and their families in the Neonatal Unit of Maternity of a University Hospital, located in the city of Rio de January. Data were collected between April and June 2014 and were analyzed and interpreted from the critical analysis of Fairclough's speech, and in the light of problem-based education in health in Freire's perspective. Results: The discursive practice of nursing team professionals indicated the ways to carry out the promotion of maternal care, times to the realization and justifications of promotions of maternal care. Social practices were linked to institutional articulated ideology with the Public Policies in force in Brazil. In this sense, the speeches reflected the promotion strategies that make up the National Incentive Breastfeeding Policy in Hospital Care, with the support the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative and the Kangaroo Method, still relying on the Brazilian Network of Human Milk Bank. Thus the actions of promotion of maternal care are directed to the fulfillment of functionalist objectives tied to specific programs that seek to meet steps, strategies and routines do not consider the needs and maternal demands. The nurse, as a health educator, must recognize the needs of mothers across the care of their children in the Neonatal Unit and foster their potential, empowering them so that they are able to make decisions and front positions to the plan of care for their children.