A atualização do habitus da enfermeira obstétrica no processo de implantação do modelo humanizado na maternidade Alexander Fleming (1998-2004)

Abstract

The object of this historical-social study is the update of obstetrical nurses habitus during the process of implementing humanized care at the Alexander Fleming maternity, in the period from 1998 to 2004. The objectives are: to describe the circumstances of including obstetrical nurses in the process of care to humanized delivery at the Alexander Fleming maternity; to analyze the battle strategies in the process of implementing humanized practice at the Alexander Fleming maternity and discuss the repercussions of implementing the humanized delivery care model at the Alexander Fleming maternity in the obstetrical area. The foundations of the study are the theoretical notions of field, habitus, symbolic power, symbolic battle and capital of the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. The method used was oral thematic history and the analysis was performed using data triangulation, by articulating the oral statements with the written documents under the light of the theoretical ideas. Results showed that the studied period there was a context that favored the Project for the Implementation of Nursing Care to Pregnant and Parturient Women (original name in Portuguese: Projeto de Implantação da Assistência de Enfermagem à Gestante e a Parturiente) (PIAEGP). The strategies used for the PIAEGP were: internal organization of the work stations assigned to nurses at the Rio de Janeiro Municipal Health Department (SMS-RJ) who were interested in working in obstetrics; the referred nurses were trained in a partnership with the Rio de Janeiro State University (FENF/UERJ) College of Nursing, with the feminists working with SMS-RJ and the political leaders in obstetrical nursing. With the inclusion of nurses at the obstetrics ward at the Alexander Fleming maternity, the battle for defending the nurses legitimate identity and obstetrical practices were intensified, which allowed them to take over positions and apply their view of the world according to the principles of humanizing delivery and child birth. We evinced the following effects from the implementation of the humanized care model at Alexander Fleming maternity, through the PIAEGP: a change in the teaching process used in the Obstetrical Nursing Specialization Course at FENF/UERJ and the fact that the Alexander Fleming maternity became one of the supporting pillars for establishing the SMS-RJ Davi Capistrano Filho Birth Center. Obstetrical nurses, by means of battle their strategies, have taken over areas and positions that distinguished them for the development of humanized practices that agree with their updated habitus.