A contribuição das tecnologias não-invasivas de cuidado de enfermagem para o empoderamento feminino na gravidez e no parto: adaptação do modelo de promoção da saúde de Nola Pender

Abstract

It is a study of the type case study, in the qualitative approach, that aims to analyse the experiences of women who used the technologies non-invasive nursing care during pregnancy and childbirth and to discuss which and as these technologies have stimulated the empowerment them. For that, references wich approach concepts of gender, of empowerment and of technologies were used. As the theoretical framework was used the of promotion the health of Nola Pender that seek from the identification of the individual's biopsychosocial factors influence healthy behaviors aiming the well-being as a proposal for health promotion. The scenario of the study was the House of Childbirth David Capistrano Filho, located in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, and attended by ten women who calved in the House. For the data collection was adapted a diagram, such as of the Pender, containing some biopsychosocial aspects of women who could have an influence in the experience of empowerment theirs. The interviews took place between the months of march and may 2010. The data produced were analyzed and processed into three categories: characteristics and experiences individual of women; knowledge, feelings and influences, in pregnancy and childbirth, from the use of technologies and the result of empowerment. The technology relational, as the reception, the bond and the sensitive listening, influenced the women of beneficial form from the moment they began the pre-christmas in the House, since at the beginning of pregnancy they had some fear with changes in body and with the responsibilities of maternity. Labor pain was also another concern mentioned by unknowledge of the physiology of the process. But, through technologies such as information, support, potentiation of body expression, of favoring of the partner's presence, and of respect the choice of them, the childbirth ended being calm, tranquil, cozy and pleasurable. With this, the technologies contributed to the experiences of strengthening of the link with the baby, in greater self-confidence in calve and in the prepare of motherhood which triggered them a desire to be people of own opinions, and to have a vocational training to ensure a good future for the child. It was perceived, in this study, that the technologies favored their empowerment in calve in the House of Childbirth, being assisted by nurses obstetricians. However, they still shows themselves passive to male domination when they valorize the female capacity in conquer the public space male, even at the detriment of their real needs, showing the importance of more discussions on the theme in order to glimpse new technologies to help women to transpose this empowerment acquired during the pregnancy and childbirth, for its day to day.