Práticas educativas de enfermeiros voltadas à saúde da mulher na Estratégia de Saúde da Família

Abstract

This research had as object of study the Educational Practices developed by nurses focused on the promotion of women's health in the Family Health Strategy (FHS). It is understood that Health Education is the guiding principle of the practice of nursing care and historically it is attributed to the nurse, specially in the public health context. Health Education has many approaches, which can be transformative, emancipatory and with participatory methods. They can also be traditional, authoritarian and biologicalist focused on disease and actions to prevent it. In this sense, educational practices focused on women's health have been used as a strategy for coping with health problems. However, they are based, primarily, on information transference for behavioral changes and to acquire acceptable health habits, which has shown to be an ineffective and inefficient approach. The present dissertation was developed in a descriptive perspective with a qualitative approach, with the objective of analyzing educational practices aimed at the promotion of women 's health, developed by nurses in FHS unities of Programmatic Area (PA) 5:3, Rio de Janeiro/RJ. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview with 07 nurses from the ESF of the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Data analysis was performed by Bardin s perspective of Content Analysis and 03 categories were constructed: Nurses' educational practices focused on women's health; Planning and development of Health Education practices; Nurse assignments in the FHS. Starting from this study, it was observed that the educational practices developed by nurses reflect the hegemonic model of health, centered on the disease, biomedical with vertical relationship between professional and user. Thus, it is necessary to overcome this model, so that the FHT becomes a space to reorient health practices as it was initially proposed, promoting autonomy, protagonism, social participation and emancipation of users. As for women's health, rather than overcoming such a model, it is necessary that Health Education becomes a strategy to make it feasible to struggle for social rights and transformation, with access to quality health, in an integral and equitable way.