O reconhecimento e a valorização profissional do docente de enfermagem no contexto neoliberal

Abstract

Qualitative and descriptive research whose object of study is the recognition and appreciation of teaching nursing in the neoliberal economic context. Objectives: I) To describe the work process of the nursing faculty from the insertion of the neoliberal model; II) To analyze the perception of the nursing faculty about the appreciation and recognition they receive at work from the introduction of the neoliberal model; III) To discuss the repercussions in the work process and the health-disease process of teachers of nursing through the perception of recognition and appreciation of their labor activities. The study was approved by the Ethics in Research Committee under protocol number: 1474463. The participants in this study were 27 teachers of federal public universities in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Data collection took place in June 2016 through a semi-structured interview. The data from the characterization of the participants were analyzed by simple statistics. The technique used for the treatment of subjective data was content analysis, which sprouted four categories. I) Organization of teaching: subjective aspects and objectives of labor demand, which discusses the characteristics of work organization and teaching work process of nursing today. It also draws up an analysis of the facilitating and inhibiting factors for the implementation of teaching. II) Reconfiguration of the teaching job: before and after of neoliberalism and globalization, which discusses the transformations in the world of teaching due to the insertion of the neoliberal model, as well as the modifications in the method of operation of these professionals provided by such a model. III) Recognition of university teaching in the national context, examining: i) the perception of recognition for teaching, being mentioned that although the figure of the teacher has lost status, it still bestows social prestige for being a university lecturer. ii) conceptions, factors and attitudes that influence the teacher recognition, which discusses some measures that can influence the recognition of this professional group. IV) New settings of the teaching world and the health-illness of workers, which shows that, due to the configuration of work organization, these teachers need to relegate the care of their own health, a fact that has negative repercussions on their health and results in prevalent diseases in their physical realm such as osteomuscular problems and infections because of low immunity, and stress, extreme fatigue and burnout in the subjective dimension. It was concluded that the high influence of neoliberal principles in teaching nursing negatively affected the working process of this professional group, as well as their valuation and recognition, leaving these teachers vulnerable to illness and psychophysical suffering.