Conversão do metanol em olefinas catalisada por zeólitas com diferentes características ácidas e estruturais

Abstract

The methanol transformation into light olefins was investigated over the molecular sieves HZSM-5, HFER, SAPO-34 and HMCM-22. FRX, DRX, nitrogen fisisorption, MEV, IR with pyridine adsorption and NH3-TPD techniques were used for the physiochemical characterization of the samples. Their catalytic performances were evaluated and compared at isoconversion initial conditions (75±5%). It was verified that the acid and structural characteristics strongly affected the catalytic performance with respect to activity, stability and selectivity to the reaction products. The most stable sample was HZSM, which presented higher density of strong sites and a porous structure that permits a tridimensional circulation of the molecules. The least stable was SAPO-34, which presented the lowest concentration of strong acid sites and showed a structure with cavities with narrow openings (4Å). This structure restricts the access of the reactants to the acid sites of the catalyst. In what concerns the selectivity to the olefins, the former catalyst was the most selective to propene and the latter was the most selective to ethene. Although ferrerite was not selective to light olefins, it showed promising behavior concerning the DME formation from methanol. On the other hand, HMCM-22 was selective to the light olefins and the hydrocarbons with 4, 5, 6 or more carbon atoms. The catalytic performance under different reaction temperatures (300, 400 and 500°C) was investigated. The lowest catalytic activity was verified under temperatures starting from 400°C. SAPO-34 was the only catalyst whose selectivity to light olefins was not sensitive to temperature variations. HZSM-5 and HMCM-22 had their selectivity to olefins increased and HFER had it decreased as the temperature was increased