A agricultura familiar convencional em interface com os remanescentes florestais na microbacia hidrográfica de Campinas em Sumidouro(RJ).

Abstract

The familiar agriculture practiced on the Hydrographic Micro basin of Campinas is characterized by the intensive use of the ground and the strong relation with the industrial capital. For decades, this model of cultivation contributed for the reduction of a great part from the areas of native vegetation on Micro Basin and even today puts the forest remaining in a situation of danger. In 2012, after great battles in congress , it was approved a new Forest Code (CF) that introduced significant changes in the rules about Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) and Legal Reserve (RL). The new text implemented new means of monitoring and control of deforestation: The rural environmental registry and the environmental regularization program, but divides opinions because reduced considerably the obligatory protection areas in the properties. In the midst of these controversies, the presented study had the objective to investigate the relation between the family farmers of the Hydrographic Micro basin of Campinas with the protected areas in their properties, seeking too to understand the possible impacts of the application of the New Forest Code in the study area. The methodology of this research was based on the application of structured questionnaires and focus group interview. The main results obtained indicate that the rules brought by the New Forest Code will facilitate the adequacy of the most part of the properties in the Micro Basin, because 100% of the 83 properties analyzed are smaller than the two fiscal modules and will fit into the consolidated area rules. Therefore, will be no obligation to construct RL and recover new APPs, executing the riparian woods, that will need to be recomposed with only 5 or 8 meters by forest on each margin and the source with 15 meters. During the Focal Group, it was possible to observe that the implementation of CAR, has been contributing positively to the knowledge of the producers about the law, however, even with the reduction of the preservation areas, the proprietors, in general, are dissatisfied with their obligations. In many moments, a assurance of food production and the survival of rural population, was used as justification to legitimize the impacts of conventional agriculture. These results evidence the urgency for public politics that allow the agro ecological transition on rural family properties.