Distanciamento teórico e engajamento prático: acerca da unidade entre atitude teórica e atitude prática a partir de um problema oriundo da hermenêutica filosófica

Abstract

From the ancient Greeks' time, especially since Aristotle, the so-called "theoretical sciences", from which philosophy stands out, have been characterized as experiences of pure contemplation of the ultimate essence of things in them investigated. Because it is a pure experience, it would intervene no other attitude than the theoretical attitude itself, more specifically, the theoretical attitude would not present any sign of practical attitude, i.e., any sign of interest in the possible usefulness of the thing which is being known or even any indication of intention to act. Considering such an overview, this thesis aims to show how the theoretical attitude actually forms a unit with practical attitude; how it (the theoretical attitude) must be, above all, a genuinely practical action. Therefore, the thesis will be based on a critical interpretation of Gadamer's philosophical project that claims the title of practical philosophy to hermeneutics, which, in principle, approaches an attempt to gather theory and practice in a single experience. Only then, the thesis seeks to show how one who has the theoretical experience, needing to think within the scope of language, is essentially in a plural context, in which, thus, there are so many others which they inclusively depend on, in order to concretize the very ability to talk. Hence, the thesis establishes the conditions to reveal the need of one who has the theoretical experience to get engaged in a broad historical game that compels oneself to act ethically towards others and also politically gathered with them.