O desenvolvimento humano sustentado como fundamento da cidadania pós-nacional

Abstract

This doctoral thesis takes as its starting point the kantian idea of cosmopolitan citizenship, and discusses the main hypothesis found in the proposals for the qualitative improvement of democracy inspired in this tradition. Cosmopolitan theorists of international relations contemplate the possibility of a double democratic evolution, improving democracy within the states themselves while at the same time expanding in the international sphere. Such characterization, in our view, permits the introduction of a theoretical perspective suitable in dealing with the issue of increasing interdependence between states. This paradigm, however, must be examined to discover if it can indeed be generalized, taking into account the point of view of the world s citizens and innumerous environmental, social and political asymmetries between countries. The tension between citizenship practiced in the nation-state and universal human rights which make up the basic structure of an ideal republic, have not been eliminated. In such circumstances, the democratic deficit which characterizes global governance can be explored as vast fields of investigation, in the search for criteria necessary for the formulation of principles of justice. For this reason, the interest of this study is to analyze the specific problems related to the extension of rights and obligations which extrapolate the moral significance of the borders of sovereign states. Taking into account the incompatibility of the theory and practical application of the dominate economic paradigm, in relation to any or all imperatives involving the deepening of social justice and the solidarity between generations, a number of alternative models are analyzed which could enable the reorientation of public politics for the promotion of equitable and sustained human development, which could thereby be applied in the creation of post-national citizenship morality. In dealing with the arguments which could provide justification of a global principle of equal opportunity which determines that it is unjust that some have less opportunity due to particularistic identities , we also investigate the dialogue between contemporary cosmopolitanism and the rawlsian conception of global justice.