Liberdade e responsabilidade: estudo sobre a possibilidade de uma filosofia prática em Nietzsche

Abstract

The study of Nietzsche's thoughts on freedom and responsibility is at the center of this doctorate s thesis. The research focused on the period from Human, All Too Human to the productive works of the philosopher s maturity. The author aims to identify the various means that the thinker used to try to envisage a notion of individual freedom that is not subjected to the metaphysical assumptions that historically determined its concept. Thus questioning the notions of subject, self-determination, intentionality, will, goals, and action s motives, in particular, the notion of responsibility. Through critical analysis of particular theoretical references of the philosopher, alongside chronological reading of the conceptual transformations present in the published works and posthumous notes, this research shows the path of experimentation through which Nietzsche's thought took shape and matured over the years. The questionof how responsibility could be possible when its meaning is deconstructed in terms of traditionalcriteria for evaluating actions, their motives and goals, guides the thesis. In this sense, this research investigates how Nietzsche searches for other criteria that enable reviews and actions with effective and lasting engagement. Insofar as his quest to supersedemetaphysics involves the practicing of thinking in another way of relating with the practice of stabilization of becoming that does not exclude the assumption of its validity and the consequences of such, the author postulates an interpretive hypothesis. This contends that the moral ideal of Nietzsche lies in the figure of the sovereign individual presented in On the Genealogy of Morals. In this figure, the feasibility of a form of commitment to projects and people would materialize, reintroducing freedom and responsibility as criteria for self-realization that overcome, at the same time, their traditional metaphysical nihilist criteria. This being achieved by means of further understanding of subjectivity and self-determination, from the practice of experiments of self-overcoming, which do not necessarily entail the impossibility of lasting commitments.