Fenomenologia hermenêutica das ciências naturais: ser-na-verdade e finitude

Abstract

The present research aims to point out the need to consider, in a hermeneutic of the natural sciences, what Heidegger calls authentic mode of being or dimension of the authenticity of existence. Initially, a general presentation pertinent to the ontological questions of Being and Time will be fulfilled. Afterwards, the objective is to present the Heideggerian reception of recognized (classical) authors/scholars which allows to show that, although there is no qualified program for scientific debate in Being and Time, nevertheless, one can conclude that there are notes which allow the elaboration of a qualified program. Also in the initial chapter, questions will be presented regarding the treatment of science, epistemologically focused, aiming to point to the limits of this treatment.Finally, in this chapter, one will be presented an overview of the authors and perspectives of a natural science approach that encompasses hermeneutics and phenomenology. Subsequently, Kockelmans, Ginev and Heelan's theses will be presented respectively in the following chapters. For the former, the core of a hermeneutic of the natural sciences lies in the objectifying thematization. For the second, a hermeneutics of the natural sciences encompasses themes pertaining to a micro and macro-hermeneutic of the natural sciences. The everydayness of scientific research is the subject of micro hermeneutics and the thematizing projects are the subject of macro-hermeneutics. The last one of the scholars defends its hermeneutics of the natural sciences with the thematization of the perception of the visual space, that provides the bases for its proposal of a realism of horizons or hermeneutic. From the presentation of chapters two, three and four one can conclude that the dimension of authenticity, of the authentic way of being of existence, is not approach. In the last chapter one will see what characterizes authenticity and inauthenticity in Heidegger. It will be visualized that the being-in-function of truth and finitude are themes that were left out approaches presented in the preceding chapters. These are subjects belonging to the dimension of authenticity. The objective of the final chapter is to point out that it does not pass through the authentic dimension (of the other approaches) and to show how this transit to a hermeneutic of the natural sciences, in which it can be "useful" (emphasis ours) for an adequate understanding of the natural sciences, which should contemplate meaning and finitude.