Descolonização e Justiça: fundamentos para a educação e políticas da interculturalidade

Abstract

This work consists in a study in the areas of ethics and political philosophy on the construction of the colonized subject and the possibilities of her/his emancipation or realization as a free subject. To this end, in chapter 1, the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988 is seen as an important step in this process, incorporating a tendency - already observed in other countries - to protect its cultural diversity, through the recognition of rights to particular groups affected by colonialism, such as blacks and indigenous peoples. In this sense, I argue that in order to face issues related to the realization of justice in places like this one (on which the present investigation starts), it is necessary that certain public policies and practices be decolonized in the fanonian sense, that is, of nullification of their radical violence, which can be done through intercultural policies. For this reason, rather than presenting a case study on the condition of the indigenous peoples and the African diaspora in Brazil, I intend to carry out an investigation into possible ways of achieving justice through the fight against coloniality in the spheres of power (expressed in economic and social inequalities), of knowledge (expressed in epistemological colonialism) and of being (expressed in the psychological and generational damages caused by colonization). In identifying the perpetuation of the effects of colonialism today, policies of protection of cultural diversity are understood as practices of freedom, to be developed by all those who seek to consolidate their emancipation. Thus, I intend in this study to present an interdisciplinary reflection on ethics, politics and coloniality, based on the studies of Frantz Fanon, in dialogue with researchers on the subject of decolonization - especially with regard to the effects of colonialism on the production of a radical otherness subjected to control and extermination, i.e., the colonized subject. Finally, some forms of resistance and overcoming this model through education are identified, in order to guarantee human dignity.