Uma crítica fenomenológica à tese de Kant sobre o Ser: da linguagem-utensílo à linguagem-constituição

Abstract

This work attempts to realize the first steps of a broader project, whose goal is to determine what we may call the question about the sense of Being ; along with that, we confront ourselves also with the problem of an adequate methodology for that questioning, i.e., the specific treatment that could possibly render its development legitimate. The argument we propose here will start, for strategic reasons, from a discussion of the philosophy of Kant s, mainly because we can find there a thesis on being which gives to it a unitary sense as position : commenting and reconstructing that thesis in some of its elementary moments, will render it possible for us to point to what seems to be - according to our terminology - a sense corruption , present in its own fundaments. That, in turn, will allow us to comprehend the difficulties faced by the so called question about the sense of Being which, we think, are the same difficulties that end up generating the confusions that constitute the history of metaphysics itself. That means that our discussion of Kant s philosophy - though directly concerned with its specific views and with the project of a theory of faculties in general - allows us to arrive at further conclusions, with larger results, since we believe we will be then in the position to claim that all theoretical approach concerning the sense of Being must be inadequate. In opposition to this, we will try to demonstrate that Being can only be approached under a treatment whose proper sense is that of a showing , descriptive activity. This point - which concludes our discussion here and presents only a part of our broader project - will be best explained with the help of some of the concepts we can find in Husserl s Logical Investigations.