O conceito moderno de tolerância e seu papel na formação deliberativa da vontade

Abstract

Considering the religious pluralism and the political significance that religious traditions and communities of faith have taken recently, the subject of this dissertation is the modern concept of toleration, starting from the post-secular perspective of Jürgen Habermas, which takes as its basis the conception enunciated by Rainer Forst. Such a concept plays a major role in the deliberative will-formation of citizens who wish to recognize themselves as equals in societies characterized by a deep cultural diversity. The challenge has been, in face of the multiculturalism of secular and pluralized modern societies, to identify a procedure capable of meeting the requirement that is imposed by the fact of pluralism - an ethically neutral concept of justice - without, however, disregarding religious and cultural minorities interests. The reflection on toleration took, most of the time, the point of view of the religious diversity and of the increasing role played by religion in the public sphere.