A universalidade da hermenêutica filosófica: a contribuição de Hans-Georg Gadamer para a questão

Abstract

This dissertation has the objective of discovering, firstly, if it is possible to defend an universality of the philosophical hermeneutic. In a second moment, will be tried to show that this would mean for the knowledge. It is true that the question hermeneutic on the meaning of the speeches mediated it was always research object. Among the stoic ones or enter the Fathers of the Church, especially Augustine; between reformers or iluminists, the subject hermeneutic accompanied the development of the philosophical thought closely. To understand Eternal Logos that is in every man (stoic); to deepen the understanding of the Eternal Verb that enters in the time (Augustine); to understand the hidden sense in the passages difficult of the Bible (Flacius) or to watch the sense ontological starting from the fragile historical existence (Heidegger), here is the task of the hermeneutic to today. However, Gadamer should be attributed great part of the merit of elevating the philosophical hermeneutic at the level of universal. In fact, while Dilthey used the hermeneutic in the ambit of the Sciences of the Spirit, Gadamer saw that the philosophical hermeneutic extended your influences to the Sciences of the Nature. For this reason, he represents and it defends better than all the universality of the philosophical hermeneutic. However, in case it is proven the universality of the hermeneutic, a subject it will resist: if everything is unavoidably mediat and does it need an interpretation, as the knowledge will be sustained? Plus: if the hermeneutic is universal, how to defend her, how to teach her, since defense and does teaching suppose permanence? The universality of the philosophical hermeneutic didn't still treat until the end the problem of the knowledge.