A concepção do tempo em Bergson e sua relação com a teoria da relatividade de Einstein

Abstract

This dissertation deals with the relation between the concepts of time as it was thought by the French philosopher Henri Bergson (1859-1941) and by the German physician Albert Einstein (1879-1955). Both of them were contemporary and had the chance to face their unequaled opinions about nature of time. In his polemic assay Duration and Simultaneity (1922), Bergson exposed his theory about time, thought it as duration, already regarding Einstein s relativity theory. The objective here present is to make clear both author s concepts of time and relate them considering the critical points contained in the Bergson s assay about the relativity of Einstein. Thus, this work was divided in three parts: the first one treats with the duration theory of Bergson in his philosophical thought; the second one considers the relativity theory of Einstein taking as start point the historic evolution of the physician thought in his aspect with the analysis of the movement; and the third and last one struggles to take care of the conflict between both thesis as it appears in Duration and Simultaneity. The main conclusions extracts are: (1) Bergson made a mistake in his assay as he tries to transpose the consequences from his analysis about the especial relativity theory to the general relativity theory of Einstein; (2) this mistake doesn t undo the Bergson s thesis about the fundamentality of the duration in its relation with the physician time; (3) in his trial to indicate the essentiality of one pure time in its respect with a spatialized time, Bergson dashes with the limits of the conceptual language which himself had comprehend and denounced all along of his work; (4) and even so, remains the strength of the bergsonian thought about duration whose reach is so far of being considered by the science of his time as so far as it is by science today. As it was proposed by Bergson, those conclusions indicate the possibility to establish a complementary work between philosophy and science since it has a better comprehension of their respective works. Besides, in this cooperative work, is given an intuition to the possibility to see the reality of the universe s extensive becoming to beyond of the space-time amalgam.