Efeito da suplementação dietética de aminoácidos nas camadas submucosa e muscular da parede ileal em ratos submetidos a irradiação abdominal

Abstract

Radiotherapy is widely employed in the treatment of abdominal tumors. Nevertheless, its use damages healthy tissue, especially intestinal tissue, with consequent clinical and histological manifestations. In order to minimize these side effects, several alternatives are being studied, including dietary supplementation with amino acids. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with L-glutamine, L-arginine, and glycine on the submucosal and muscular layers of the ileum of rats submitted to abdominal radiation. Fifty male Wistar rats weighing 255 to 325 g were randomly divided into five groups: I Control not irradiated and not supplemented with amino acids; II Control irradiated but not supplemented with amino acids; III irradiated and supplemented with L-glutamine; IV irradiated and supplemented with glycine; V irradiated and supplemented with L-arginine. The period of dietary supplementation lasted 14 days, with radiation taking place on the 8th day of the experiment. Radiation determined a decrease in the thickness and in the collagen content of the submucosal layer in group II animals compared to the non-irradiated group. Supplementation with L-arginine and glycine induced a marked increase in the thickness of the submucosal layer, while supplementation with L-glutamine caused no changes compared to non-irradiated animals. The animals receiving a diet supplemented with L-arginine and glycine also showed increased thickness of the internal circular muscle layer compared to group I rats, with no difference in the external longitudinal muscle layer. Supplementation with amino acids led to increased immunostaining of type 1 collagen in group IV animals, with less intense staining in group III and no difference in group V compared to non-irradiated animals. Regarding type III collagen, immunostaining was more intense in group IV and less intense in group V, while in rats supplemented with L-glutamine there was no difference compared to non-irradiated animals. These results suggest that dietary supplementation with glycine and L-arginine induces an increase in the collagen content of the ileal wall of rats submitted to abdominal radiotherapy, eventually predisposing it to intestinal fibrosis, while supplementation with L-glutamine favors the maintenance of the submucosal layer thickness and can contribute to attenuating the side effects of radiation.