Planejamento governamental no Brasil: trajetória institucional, autoritarismo e democracia em perspectiva comparada (1930-2016)

Abstract

This thesis aims to compare the government planning conducted by two antithetical development strategies and political regimes - the Authoritarian National-Developmentalism (1964-1985) and the New Democratic Developmentalism (2003-2016) -, whose points of convergence are the state interventionism of an intrinsically capitalist mode and the corporatism as intermediation instance regarding interests between State/Society, Public/Private and Capital/Labor. The government planning is conceived in a macro-structural perspective of long term, looking for the consecution of a national strategy capable of enabling the deepening of the import-substitutive industrialization, the economic growth and the production of public policies regarding social incorporation of traditionally excluded sectors. The thesis shows, through rigorous empirical research, that, when compared to the modernizing and exclusionary authoritarian regime which neglected the thematic of social inclusion by focusing on economic productivism -, the state and bureaucratic capacities, in the democratic regime, were more efficient in the sense that the capitalist government planning of long term created unprecedented conditions for economic growth with income distribution, social inclusion and retreat of historical structural inequalities. Nevertheless, both modalities of government planning exhausted due to the following factors: slower economic growth, fractures in their respective economic-political support coalitions, weakening of state capacities of intervention, resilience of neoliberal policies, absence of structural reforms, etc.