Trincheiras radioativas: a dinâmica entre grupos de interesse e institucionalidade na formação do programa nuclear brasileiro.

Abstract

This dissertation intends to construct an analysis of the convergent and divergent relations between the interest groups that acted for the constitution of Brazilian nuclear policy, interfering in the central government decision-making process and significantly altering the pre-defined public policy agenda and giving this structure and particular characteristics. Since the early years, when the Brazilian delegation took part in the United Nations Nuclear Energy Commission, national social groups such as the military and scientists would arouse interest in the development of nuclear technology in Brazil and seek policies that favor technology in the country. The political mobilizations that would connect the group with the intention of fostering scientific progress, those interested in the development of atomic technology would favor the creation of institutions such as CNPq and CNEN, as well as the establishment of departments specialized in nuclear research in public universities. With the change of the political regime from 1964, we will see a restructuring of the alliances of interest groups on this subject, demanding for greater transparency and more reliability in the state capacities attributed to the Brazilian nuclear sector, which became inaccessible and resistant to consultation of intellectuals, in a government that would adopt significant measures of monitoring and ideological persecution. The process of political openness since 1979 and redemocratization crowned by the 1988 constitution represented new windows of action, especially for groups antagonistic to the development of nuclear technologies in the country, where the nuclear lobby will seek to work mainly with the constituent of 1988 and the anti-nuclear coalitions would dispute in the spheres of local power by influencing the public policy agenda and by changing major projects such as nuclear power plants and facilities for extraction, refining, uranium enrichment or research for war purposes.