Invisibilidade de narrativas e visibilidade de estereótipos: o problema da representatividade das mulheres negras no cinema nacional

Abstract

The access to culture, like material and symbolic production, is a right widely affirmed by the Brazilian State and object of public policies. Meantime, the different forms of representation remain concentrated to the power of few social groups, exposing the distancing between legal statute and reality. The objective of this dissertation is to supply a view about the representativeness problems in the cinema regarding the group most reached by social inequalities, namely, black women. From the quantitative analysis of the movies of bigger ticket office between the years of 2002 and 2014, I present the distribution of gender and race of the directors, scriptwriters and actors/actresses. 258 movies were classified, 267 directors, 495 scriptwriters and 1181 characters. Then, based on feminist theories, on multiculturalism and on the theory of recognition, I look to think about the importance of the diversity in the cinema. For such, I divide this discussion in four extents, being they: (1) the explicit oppression in the invisibility of narratives built by black women; (2) the underrepresentation of this group in the casts, accompanied by the association to stereotypes; (3) the defense of special rights and recognition for groups in disadvantage; and, finally, (4) the analysis of the recent political initiatives on inclusion in the media.