Comparação do efeito do exercício físico sobre os biomarcadores sanguíneos e salivares em atletas de futebol

Abstract

High-performance sport requires training strategies that aim to reach peak performance at the right time for the intended competitions. When recovery periods are not enough they can lead to a loss of physical performance. Faced with this problem, the investigation of biochemical markers in the blood is an increasingly widespread tool in athletes within a physical training process. However, this procedure is avoided by some athletes for reasons related to fear (aicmofobia, hematophobia, etc ...) and about the nature of the tests that would be performed (doping).In order to overcome the problems associated with blood collection in athletes, this study aims to compare the effect of physical exercise on blood and salivary biomarkers in soccer athletes. The Group collected - 1 (n=32) and the Trained Subgroup (n=10) from the first group were submitted to the Bangsbo Sprint Test (BST) for physical capacity assessment. Blood and saliva samples were collected at rest (T0, T0-PRE and T0-POST) and immediate post-exercise (T1, T1-PRE and T1-POST). Statistical analyzes were performed: the Pearson correlation, the student t test and in order to qualify the magnitude of the differences was calculated the Effect Size, being the results significant when (p<0.05). We only observed correlation between blood and saliva in the Group collected - 1 in these parameters: cortisol (T0: r=0.476 and T1: r=0.459); Testosterone/Cortisol ratio (T0: r=0.538 and T1: r=0.565); glutathione reduced (GSH) (T0: r= -0.531) and uric acid (T0: r=0.407 and T1: r=0.377). In the pre-training subgroup: cortisol (T0-PRE: r=0.707); Testosterone/ Cortisol ratio (T0-PRE: r=0.797 and T1-PRE: r=0.701). In post-training: Testosterone (T0-POST: r=0.748) and GSH (T0-POST: r=0.768). In the blood we found significant changes in (T1) in the following parameters: lactate (8.4 times); cortisol (+19.5%); testosterone (+4.9%); creatine kinase (CK) (+45.5%,); lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (+43%); aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (+71.6%); alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (+58.5%); GSH (-12%,). In (T1-PRE): lactate (4.3 times); cortisol (+18.9%); testosterone (+4.8%); CK (+45.6%); LDH (+46.5%); AST (+45.1%); ALT (+43.5%); GSH (-12%,). In (T1-POST): lactate (6.6 times); AST (+69.8%); ALT (2.2 times); gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) (-14.0%). In saliva we found significant changes in (T1): lactate (4 times); cortisol (+ 34.1%); testosterone/ cortisol ratio (-24.8%); AST (+6.6%); ALT (+14.9%); uric acid (-25.5%) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC-DPPH) (-3.7%). In (T1-PRE): lactate (4.9 times); cortisol (+40.5%); testosterone/cortisol ratio (-31.1%); AST (+6.5%); ALT (+ 22.0%); uric acid (-23.5%). In (T1-POST): lactate (6.3 times); cortisol (+78.0%); testosterone/cortisol ratio (-42.6%); GSH (-83.8%); uric acid (+81.6%) and TAC-DPPH (+27.0%). These results indicate that we should use blood or saliva alone in the investigation of biomarkers for training control. And when we use only the saliva we should look at the presented profile, since the behavior of the biomarkers alone do not express exactly the clinical information that these parameters have in the blood.