Avaliação do estrese oxidativo e da via L-arginina-óxido nítrico em plaquetas na gestação normal e na pré-eclâmpsia

Abstract

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a syndrome of pregnancy induced hypertension, currently understood as a systemic disease that leads to inflammation, coagulation, metabolic disorders, endothelial dysfunction and imbalance between vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agents. However, the pathophysiology of PE has not been fully elucidated. This study investigated in 51 women, oxidative stress and its correlation with the L-Arginine-nitric oxide and platelet aggregation in normal pregnancy (n = 27) and PE (n = 24). Serum and platelets of normotensive pregnant women and PE were used to measure thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), carbonyl proteins, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and nitric oxide (NO) production by the formation of nitrite. We also evaluated the transport of L-arginine, the activity of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and aggregation in platelets. Plasma samples were used to measure C-reactive protein highly sensitive (hsCRP) and the amino acid L-arginine. Our results demonstrate that there is no difference in the measurements of C-reactive protein and L-arginine at PE compared to normotensive pregnant women. The formation of nitrite and the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GPx are reduced in serum from women with PE, while the measure of TBARS and protein carbonyls were not different from normotensive pregnant women. In platelets, the transport of L-arginine by system y+L is reduced in PE, whereas the NOS activity, nitrite formation and platelet aggregation did not change compared to normal pregnancy. Carbonylation of proteins is increased in platelets in PE and CAT activity is reduced. In conclusion, the lower formation of nitrite in serum suggests a lower NO production in patients with PE. This finding correlates with a reduced antioxidant defense observed by the lower activity of SOD, CAT, GPx which might contribute to increased inactivation of NO. Despite normal plasma levels of L-arginine on PE, the transport system via y+L in platelets is reduced, which can be associated in part with oxidative stress that contributes to physical and structural changes of the membrane, which may affect the influx of amino acid. Despite of the reduced L-arginine transport and the increased oxidative stress in platelets from PE, no change occurs in NOS activity, NO production and platelet aggregation, indicating that compensatory mechanisms may be contributing to the maintenance of NO production and its modulatory role on aggregation