Avaliação de efeitos de vibrações mecânicas geradas em plataforma oscilante/vibratória em pacientes com doenças crônicas

Abstract

Chronic diseases, also known as non-communicable diseases are not transmitted from one person to another. They are often of long duration and slow progression. Risk factors associated with the development of these diseases are tobacco, physical inactivity, high comsuption of alcohol and unhealthy diets. Regarding the management of chronic diseases the World Health Organization recommends the identification and proper follow-up, with awareness measures and affordable and effective treatments. In Brazil, the Ministério da Saúde, through the Coordenação Geral de Atenção às Pessoas com Doenças Crônicas, monitores the people with chronic illness. The sedentary lifestyle and an unhealthy diet have favored the development of chronic diseases and consequently the increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The benefits of regular exercise include improvement of the quality of life, as well as the reduction of morbidity and mortality from atherosclerotic disease, heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), metabolic syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The type of exercise involving mechanical vibration generated in oscillating/vibratory platform, the whole body vibration exercises (WBVE) can be considered as an exercise. The WBVE seem to induce concentric and eccentric muscle contractions continuously, with an increase on oxygen consumption and thus the WBVE could interfere in parameters related to body composition, quality of life and muscle strength. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of whole body vibration exercise in patients with chronic disease (metabolic syndrome, obesity, DM2, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and with associated conditions. The results of the experimental studies related to WBVE in patients with metabolic syndrome have shown that, in a single session, there was a significant improvement (p<0.05) of the flexibility and of the pain, without interfering with the blood pressure. Through a protocol with ten sessions there was significant improvement (p<0.05) of the handgrip strength, the walking speed, the stand and sit chair test and the flexibility without interference in physiological parameters. Regarding to the review studies, there was (i) improvement in body mass index, reduction of the circumference and skinfold thickness and decreased of the body fat percentage in the obese patients; (ii) reduction of the neuropathic pain, enhancement of the proprioception, and increase of the balance of patients with DM2; (iii) improvement of the quality of life, gait speed and muscle strength without exacerbation of dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and (iv) increase of the blood flow in patients with different clinical conditions. Thus, it is concluded that the WBVE promote physiological responses that are important to the management of individuals with metabolic syndrome, obesity, DM2 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Moreover, it is capable of promoting increase of the blood flow in patients with various clinical conditions. In addition, WBVE can be considered as a safe and effective therapeutic tool.