Influência da suplementação materna com diferentes tipos de óleos no período de lactação sobre parâmetros endócrino-metabólicos das proles em curto e longo prazos

Abstract

Some oils considered healthy has been commonly used, even in critical periods of life. Here, we studied the effects of maternal supplementation with soybean oil, olive oil, fish oil and coconut oil during lactation on the offspring metabolism at PN21 and PN180, and the impact of coconut oil exposure throughout life. At birth, Wistar dams and their pups were divided into 4 groups (Experiment 1): Soybean oil (SO, n=09); Olive Oil (OO, n=10); Fish Oil (FO, n=10) and Coconut Oil (CO, n=10); or 3 groups (Experiment 2): Soybean oil (SO, n=09); Coconut Oil (CO, n=10) and Coconut oil + Chow supplemented with coconut oil (CO+C, n=05). Dams received the oils through gavage (0.5g/kg BW) during lactation. At PN21 dams and some pups were sacrificed. In experiment 2, CO+C group received coconut oil in the chow throughout life. At PN180, the offspring were sacrificed. At PN21, the dams of OO group presented lower adiposity, and its pups presented higher body weight (BW) and adiposity. The CO dams presented lower glycemia; OO, FO and CO dams presented higher plasma cholesterol; OO group presented higher plasma levels of triglycerides than SO. The dams of OO, FO and CO groups presented lower plasma T4 and the FO and CO dams showed higher T3 than SO. The CO dams presented higher triglycerides content and lower leptin in milk than other groups. The OO and CO dams presented more cholesterol and calories in milk than SO. At PN21, pups of FO and CO groups presented only lower triglycerides levels than SO and OO. At PN180 (experiment 1), OO and CO presented higher BW and adiposity than SO, but only CO presented hyperphagia compared to SO. The leptin was higher in plasma of OO and CO compared to SO, and in adipose tissue of OO and CO compared to SO and FO groups. The OO, FO and CO groups presented higher plasma T3, with no changes in thyroid function markers (TSH, TRβ1, Dio 1, Dio 2 and UCP-1). In experiment 2, CO and CO+C groups showed higher BW, however CO had higher adiposity and CO+C had higher lean mass. The CO group presented hyperphagia and CO+C, hypophagia. The CO group presented higher plasma leptin and in the adipose tissue compared to SO and CO+C. The CO+C group had lower T4 than CO, and CO had higher T3 and TSH than SO, with no changes in TRβ1, Dio 1, Dio 2 and UCP-1. Coconut oil and olive oil were able to alter breast milk composition and cause endocrine-metabolic dysfunctions in offspring at short and long term, and the coconut oil exposure throughout life prevented the most of changes caused by maternal supplementation with this oil.