Influência da atividade física e aptidão física no perfil metabólico e microcirculação de crianças de 5 a 12 anos eutróficas e com excesso de peso

Abstract

The worldwide number of obese people is growing in an epidemic way and draws attention for its increase in childhood. Social changes throughout history have contributed to modifications in nutrition and physical activity levels. These changes in lifestyle reflected in health, increasing the number of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The endothelium function is an important and early marker of atherosclerotic disease. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the influence of the physical activity and physical fitness in the metabolic profile and microcirculation of prepubertal or early puberty children independently of weight excess. Methodology: The study was condicted on 62 children, 27 eutrophics, 10 overweight and 25 obeses. The average age was (8±2,0), (8,9±1,8) and (8,5±1,5) respectively, with Tanner rating for pubertal stage until 2. Twelve-hour-fasting blood samples were collected for analysis total cholesterol and its, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, leptin, interleukin-6 and adiponectin levels. The microcirculation was evaluated by examining plethysmography noininvasive venous occlusion. The percentage of fat was assessed by DXA (Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and for activity physical was used the Physcal Activity Questionaire for Older Children and for physical fitness levels was used test yoyo. The results of this study showed significant differences in metabolic profile, serum level of inflammatory citokines and the microcirculation of the excess weight group compared to the eutrophic group.When we isolated the effects of the excess weight from the effects of physical activity and physical fitness the analysis by ANOVA showed that the weight was the main factor to influence insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, inflammatory markers and microcirculation. This study didn t show a greater influence of physical activity in the metabolic profile, independent of the weight, although showed that children with overweight mainly those sedentary already have metabolic and microcirculatory alterations when compared the normal weight children. In conclusion prepubertal and pubertal children already present endothelial dysfunction induced by obesity.