Do Pan-Americanismo ao Sul-Americanismo: As Identidades Supranacionais no Continente Americano em Três Tempos (1826, 1960 e 2008)

Abstract

The central argument of this thesis is that there may be identities between states. These identities are classified as supranational and have a logic of operation of their own, differing from their sub-national, national or transnational bias. In accordance with the semantic sense presented, the idea is that the term starts from an ipsis litteris interpretation of that adjective of two genres (supra + national), in order to reveal the particularities of these identities that are "above the nations". A second objective is to observe the transition of identitarian paradigms in the Americas from the framework established by three international treaties located in three different centuries, each with a different identity reference. Thus, the research is organized in such a way that the theoretical-conceptual work involving supranational identities is carried out in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2, the Spanish-American political context is analyzed in the period immediately after independence, highlighting the role of Simón Bolivar and his country, Great Colombia, in an attempt to structure ties of friendship and cooperation between the republics that were once Spanish colonies. Chapters 3 and 4 deal with the emergence of the idea of Latin America and its consolidation as a supranational identity, based on the work of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and the formation of the Latin American Free Trade Association , the first regional integration project restricted to Latin America. Chapters 5 and 6 then address the emergence of South American identity, emphasizing Brazil's central role in promoting integration initiatives in South America and, later, consolidating a corresponding supranational identity, which occurs from the creation of the Union of South American Nations.